LIME-SULPHUR PREPARAaiONS FOR APPLE DISEASES. T 



Ions to 50 gallons of water. Arsenate of lead at the rate of 2 

 pounds to 50 gallons was used with the self-boiled mixture, the 

 liome-boiled solution, and the Bordeaux mixture. The commercial 

 solution was used with arsenate of lead at the rate of 2 pounds 

 to 50 gallons, with Paris green at the rate of 6 ounces to 50 

 gallons, and without any j)oison. In the Mount Jackson orchard 

 the trees were sprayed: First, as soon as the petals fell; second^ 

 three to four weeks after the petals fell; and third, nine to ten weeks. 

 after the petals fell. The Fishersville orchard, on account of scab,., 

 received an additional application, which was made just before the 

 trees bloomed. The Crozet orchard received the same treatment as 

 the Mount Jackson orchard, and on account of bitter-rot a fourth 

 application three to four weeks after the third. 



In the same orchards spraying demonstrations for the control of 

 insects and diseases were conducted jointly by the Bureau of Ento- 

 mology and the Bureau of Plant Industry, followmg the schedules 

 of applications just mentioned, which were prepared by JVIr. A. L. 

 Quaintance and the writer, the former being responsible for that por- 

 tion relating to insect control. A discussion of these demonstrations 

 will not be included in the present paper. 



THE EFFECT OF THE SPRAYS ON THE FOLIAGE. 



One of the objects of these experiments was to determine the effect 

 of the several lime-sulphur preparations in combination with arsen- 

 icals on the foliage of different varieties. Several times at intervals 

 during the season notes were made on the condition of the foliage 

 of the trees in the experimental plats. The weather was mostly 

 cloudy and rainy from early spring until about July 1 , so that the con- 

 ditions were favorable to the development of spray injury. During; 

 the latter half of the season, however, practically no rain fell. 



In every case, except on the Winesap, where Paris green was used 

 with the commercial lime-sulphur solutions, the foliage was badly 

 burned and in some instances the trees sprayed with this combination 

 lost half of their foliage. The Winesap did not suffer so much injury 

 from this or any of the other sprays as did the other varieties. This 

 variety was used in the experiments of the previous year conducted 

 in Nebraska by the Bureau of Plant Industry, and the fact that the 

 commercial solution at the rate of 2 gallons to 50 gallons of water and 

 6 ounces of Paris green caused oidy a slight damage to the foliage 

 indicated that the combination might be practicable. It is evident, 

 however, from the Virginia experiments that it is entirely unsafe 

 to use Paris green with the lime-sulphur sprays. 



The commercial lime-sulphur solution at the rate of 1^ gallons to 50 

 gallons of water and 2 pounds of arsenate of lead injured the foliage 



ICir. 54] 



