LIME-SULPHUR PREPARATIONS FOR APPLE DISEASES. 9 



but very little on the Winesap variety. Some of the injured leaves 

 dropped from time to time, so that the foliage on many trees was some- 

 what thinned out toward the end of the season, but the damage could 

 not be considered very serious. 



THE CONTROL OF DISEASES. 



In the orchards in Virginia where these experiments were con- 

 ducted none of the apple diseases except leaf-spot developed to a 

 serious extent, so that the test was not a severe one. The apple leaf- 

 spot, so common throughout this State, was entirely controlled by all 

 the mixtures used. The self-boiled hme-sulphur made the best show- 

 ing in this connection, because it not only controlled the leaf-spot but 

 (\\d not injure the foliage, and apparently had a stimulating effect on 

 the trees. (See PL II.) All tlie lime-sulphur preparations, aswell asthe 

 Bordeaux mixture, controlled the sooty fungus and an undetermined 

 "fruit spot" which was common the past season in Virginia. The 

 weather was so dry after midsummer that bitter-rot did not develop 

 sufliciently to test the value of the lime-sulphur sprays for its control. 



Considerable scab developed on the unsprayed Wines aps in the 

 Fishersville orchard, so that a pai-tial test of the efficacy of the several 

 sprays in the control of this disease was afl'orded. Only one strength 

 (2 to 50) of the commercial lime-sulphur was used on this variety. 

 Tlie crop from four trees in each of the more important plats was 

 picked and sorted, and the results are showTi in the following table: 



Ta BLE I . — Results of the use of lime-sulphur preparations and Bordeaux mixture with arsen- 

 icalsin the prevention of scab and codling-moth injury on-Winesap apples in Virginia. 



No. of 

 plat. 



Spray niixture used. 



Commercial lime-sulphur solution (2 to 'M) and Paris green. ... 

 Commercial lime-sulphur .solution (2 to M) and arsenate of lead . 

 Self-boiled lime-sulphur .solution (10-UI-.50) and arsenate of lead . 



Bordeau.x mixture (3-3-r)0) and arsenate of lead 



Check; not sprayed 



It will be seen from this table that the scab was held down to less 

 'than 1 per cent of the crop l)y the commercial lime-sulphur, to 3f per 

 cent by self-boiled lime-sulphur, and to about 2 per cent by Bordeaux 

 mixture, and that 30 per cent of the unsprayed fruit was affected 

 with the disease. Tliis disease was well controlled by all the mixtures, 

 but it will be noted that it was not particularly bad on the unsprayed 

 trees, so that the test could not be considered a severe one. None 

 of the Winesaps were sprayed with the weaker commercial prepara- 

 tions nor with the home-boiled lime-sulphur. 



[Cir. 54] 



