304 STATE POMOLOGICAL SOCIETY. 



divisible once more into two sub-classes, the involuntary and voluntarily aided. 

 Of the former kind, -we have examples in those seeds which, like burs and 

 cleavers, are covered with little hooks, by which they attach themselves to the 

 fur or wool of passers by. The latter, or voluntarily-aided sort, are exempli- 

 fied in fruits proper, the subject of our present investigation, such as apples, 

 plums, peaches, cherries, haws, and bramble berries. Every one of these plants 

 is provided with hard and indigestible seeds, coated or surrounded by a soft, 

 sweet, pulpy, perfumed, bright colored, and nutritious covering known as fruit. 

 By all these means the plant allures birds or mammals to swallow and dis- 

 perse its undigested seed, giving in as it were the pulpy covering as a reward to 

 the animal for the service thus conferred. — Popular Science Monthly. 



THE NUKSERY. 



WORKING OVEK TREES. 



It might be of interest to some of the readers of the Monthly for me to 

 describe a method of working ever some Elemish Beauty pear trees, ujDon 

 which the fruit cracked so badly as to render them worthless. Last summer, 

 in the budding season, I budded all over the trees into all the limbs which I 

 thought would form a perfect head. The buds all ^'took," and the present 

 season have grown remarkably. To be sure this is no new discovery, but many 

 fruit growers think that there is no way to work over a large tree except by the 

 old-fashioned mode of cleft-grafting, and which often produces unseemly 

 gashes upon the tree, and which it often takes a number of years for the tree 

 to overcome. Hence I speak of this method of budding into the limb, and I 

 think it may be of service to some, who like me are troubled with several 

 worthless varieties of the pear that are rendered so by cracking. — /. J/. H. in 

 Gardner's Montlily, 



BUDDING. 



Charles A. Green, a nurseryman of Clifton, Xew York, speaks thus sensi- 

 bly upon some matters in connection with budding stocks : 



All trimming of the stock should be deferred until the day of budding, as 

 every leaf taken from a plant or tree lessens the growth. Many labor under 

 the delusion that by removing the shoots from the trunks of their young 

 orchard trees while in leaf they are hastening their growth. Bands for bud- 

 ding are secured by removing the bark of basswood in June or July and soak- 

 ing it in water until the inner bark peels off in thin ribbons. The pear in 

 his section is budded in Julv, as the leaf-bli^rht usually attacks it soon after, 

 stopping all growth, rendering budding impossible. After the pear, we bud the 



