88 STATE POMOLOGICAL iSOCIETY. 



and productive, and of a kind, either sweet or sour, adapted to the mainte- 

 nance and perpetuity of those qualities of the kind which arc sought to be main- 

 tained. And witli the philosophic principle held steadily in view, that the 

 least in a principle carries the greater, the persevering and intelligent fruit- 

 grower will realize a profit from his labor, as well as to leave inscribed upon 

 the tablet of time in gilded letters: I have done something with which to 

 benefit my fellow man. My earth life has not been spent in vain. 



Hence my position develops the fact that by promiscuous root or top graft- 

 ing, unaided by design to continue all of the good qualities of a kind, but 

 operated for the purpose of rapidly multiplying trees for the markets, will 

 always })rove disastrons to the best interests of the orchardist, and carry with 

 it more or less disappointment, loss of time and money, instead of profit and 

 pleasnre. If now in conclusion, Mr. President, I have by these few remarks 

 opened np the way by ^vllicll this question may be fully discussed and investi- 

 gated by the scientific and practical orchardist, I shall feel that I have 

 accomplished something in behalf of the fruit-growers of our country, and 

 that I have not labored in vain. 



Mr. Thompson. — This is a question of ^'breeding," and a very important 

 one. I am led to quote very similar views as Mr. Tyler's from an article ^vl•it- 

 ten by Mr. Benjamin Hathaway, and found in the first report of this society's 

 proceedings. [Here followed the reading of extracts from Mr. Hathaway' s 

 essay.] 



Mr. Tyler at this juncture showed samples from three trees of Baldwins 

 grafted with his own hand, which certainly were very different. 



Mr. Fuller, Grand Kapids. — Do you believe that by jiroper grafting upon 

 suitable stocks we may get so far away from a given variety as not to recognize 

 the parentage? 



Mr. Tyler. — Certainly, I do ; and my opinion is simply the result of care- 

 ful experience of my own. 



Mr. Lyon. — I am satisfied that great changes may be accomplished in the 

 manner suggested by Mr. Tyler, but there is a limit to the variation, and I 

 doubt if one could graft far enough away from original stock so that it would 

 not relapse back occasionally to the original form. 



The next topic was announced as 



THE rOSlTIOX OF THE BALDWIN APPLE IX MICHIGAN. 



Prof. Beal. — Tlie Baldwin tree is somewhat tender, but not so defective in 

 this respect as I once supposed. As a market fruit it has many points of ex- 

 cellence well-known to all pomologists. Even in this terrible climate, in cen- 

 tral Michigan, the Baldwin tree can be grown in perfection withont dilliculty. 

 To do this, unusual care must be taken to have the soil well drained. This 

 term, '' well-drained,'' means more than most farmers and frnit-growers are 

 inclined to believe. The site for this severe climate should be elevated, and 

 the soil not black and loamy. Kelative height is of more importance than ab- 

 solute height. Every i)iece of land that will ])rodncc good Indian corn will 

 not produce good Baldwin trees. 



Henry Holt, Cascade. — I am done with the Baldwin. My trees were killed 

 by the hard winters some years since, and I have no faith in its hardiness for 

 this state. 



President Lyon. — We are in about the same latitude as Xew York and 

 New England. They are perfectly healthy and hearty there. As you go west 



