70 State Horticultural Society. 



the canes and the trunks of the vines, the posts of the trellis, and 

 even the ground under the vines, especially if there be rotted berries 

 lying there. In this spraying, and in this one only, you should 

 make the vines and the posts of the trellis almost dripping wet. 

 If the vineyard has been successfully sprayed in the past, or if the 

 grapes have not rotted to any serious extent, this spraying may be 

 dispensed with, and the first spraying made with the Bordeaux 

 mixture a few days before the vines begin to bloom. Never use 

 the pure vitriol water solution on any plants after the buds begin 

 to open. 



Another spraying should be made with the Bordeaux mixture 

 right after blooming time, when the berries are well set. This 

 spraying, and the one just before blossoming, are the most im- 

 portant of all the season, especially this one right after blossoming. 

 If it should be omitted, all others will be of no avail. Other spray- 

 ings can be made from ten days to two weeks apart, according to 

 the condition of the weather; the heavier the rains, the oftener 

 should the spraying be done, up to about the first of July. If you 

 spray after that date you will very likely spot your grapes to such 

 an extent as to injure them for market. If thought necessary, later 

 sprayings can be made with the carbonate of copper and ammonia 

 solution, without any danger of spotting the fruit or of injuring the 

 vines, and it is almost as effective against rot as the Bordeaux mix- 

 ture. And yet we have had mildew and grape rot here as exten- 

 sively and in as malignant a form as in any other place in the 

 United States previous to the time we began spraying. In fact, to 

 get a good crop of grapes in those days was the exception. Since 

 we began spraying, in 1890„ we have never lost a crop, and we 

 have never sprayed, except as in an experimental way, after the 

 4th of July. 



HOW TO SPRAY. 



Procure a good pump with plenty of force and the very best 

 nozzles that are to be found in the market. A good nozzle that 

 will throw out plenty of fine mist — the finer the better — is of 

 absolute importance. Poor pumps, with scant force, and poor 

 nozzles that throw out a coarse spray are absolutely worthless for 

 this purpose, and are are excessively costly, even as a gift. In 

 applying the Bordeaux mixture — or any other spray — use plenty 

 of force, and be sure to cover every part of the vine, fruit and 

 wood, as well as the foliage, with as fine a mist as possible, and be 



