124 State Horticultural Society. 



scion orchard, a careful record is kept, and we know exactly what 

 have got. My experience shows no difference in productive qual- 

 ities of scions from either bearing orchard or nursery row. Go 

 into an orchard and see two Jonathans side by side. These were 

 propagated from same parent tree, but the quality of the fruit had 

 been greatly changed in growing. 



Mr. Whitten — We have experimented along this line first year 

 at Station from an orchard of 200 Ben Davis. We gathered the 

 fruit and kept a record of the trees to learn if some were more or 

 less productive. We were struck by the fact that there were threa 

 trees which always grew show specimens; there were other trees 

 in that orchard which always produced smaller and poorer fruit. 

 One tree especially produced fruit, but always small and poor in 

 quality. We cut scions from the poorest and from the best, and 

 planted, but they are not bearing yet. There are records of care- 

 ful selection of scions from good bearing trees that are known to 

 bear fine fruit. Mr. Powell of New York has a specially good or- 

 chard by this careful selection. He has a remarkably uniform 

 product all over the orchard. We have tried many experiments of 

 whole and piece roots, but can't discover any difference with any 

 cut, except where we cut root in three pieces we didn't get as large 

 a per cent of No. 1 trees in the nursery. This was probably be- 

 cause the root was smaller than the scion. Where we had large 

 enough root, the third cut was good as any. The poorest results 

 were where we used practically the whole root. We have a very 

 stiff, heavy, clay subsoil, and when it is necessary to plant so deep 

 in the soil, wet subsoil, they begin to decay before they grow, but 

 where subsoil is light, it makes a difference. 



TRIMMING TREES. 



(By G. N. Ratliff, Moberly, Mo.) 



Before trees are planted, all broken or bruised roots should 

 be trimmed off and all long roots should be shortened to six inches. 

 After trees are planted, and before they begin to grow, they should 

 be trimmed. They should be headed within two and one-half feet 

 of the ground. The tree is easier trimmed and worked when it is 

 low than when a ladder is used. The body of the tree is protected 

 from the heat of the sun, and thus preventing sun scalds. The 

 tree is better able to resist the wind and is easier to keep in its 



