Winter Meeting. 187 



replant such areas up to the time the orchard reaches its full ma- 

 turity. 



It is much more difficult to secure good growth of a replant in 

 an orchard which has reached considerable age than it is where the 

 trees are young. As soon as the orchard trees reach out and cover 

 the ground and their roots spread and interlock over the entire 

 surface of the orchard, a young tree replanted among them in the 

 ordinary manner will have very little chance of living, or at least of 

 doing well. Where replanting is to be done among comparatively 

 old trees, it is best to dig a large hole several feet wide and a foot 

 and a half deep, so as to kill all encroaching roots from adjoining 

 trees, and give a large enough area in which the replant may get 

 well established before the roots of established adjacent trees can 

 again take the position. It is best if this hole is dug in the fall be- 

 fore replanting is done in the spring, turning the earth out so that 

 it will freeze through and be mellow and sweetened by the action 

 of the frost during winter. One very successful orchardist, who 

 believes thoroughly in replanting until the orchard reaches de- 

 clining age, opens up the holes for the replants in the autumn, and 

 explodes half a stick of dynamite in the bottom of each hole to still 

 farther loosen and disintegrate the soil. He says the loosening 

 and mellowing effect of the winter upon the soil where the dyna- 

 mite has been used leaves it in splendid condition for spring plant- 

 ing, and be believes is responsible for his success with replants in 

 his orchard. In any event, it is necessary to give a replant much, 

 better care during the growing season than it is the established trees 

 in the orchard. If the orchard is fairly old, so that the established 

 trees do not need cultivation close to the trees, it is well even to 

 hand-hoe the ground several times around the replants in order to 

 get them established, if possible, the first year. It should be borne 

 in mind that the replant starts handicapped in the race, and that 

 every possible effort should be made to enable it to keep up with its 

 competitors, rather than to be left behind them in the struggle. 



WEDNESDAY, DECEMBER 5, 9 A. M. 



Call to order — President Dutcher. 



Prayer — Rev. E. L. Mueller. 



Appointment of Committees. 



Some Mistakes in Orcharding — H. S. Wayman, Princeton, Mo. 



