Miscellaneous. 391 



in spring, or, in case it seems possible to spray some portions of the 

 orchard twice, spray the worse infested portion in fall, and repeat 

 the spraying of these blocks in spring shortly before the buds open. 



By fall spraying we mean spraying from the time the leaves all 

 drop — that is, about the last of October to the first of December. 



During December and January may be considered the time of 

 winter spraying. During these months the weather is so liable to 

 be bad, either stormy or windy, or both, that it is difficult to do good 

 spraying. However, in large orchards it is often neces- 

 sary to spray continuously from November to the time the buds 

 commence to open. Winter spraying is, therefore, often necessary, 

 and in order to get the best results, it would be advisable to spray 

 at such times only the slight or moderately infested portions of 

 the orchard. If the winter spraying is followed the same day by 

 heavy rains, it will often be necessary to spray the trees a second 

 time. The second spraying should be delayed until spring, if pos- 

 sible, as better results may be expected at that time. 



By spring spraying we mean spraying during February, and 

 up to the time the buds commence to open. In this connection it 

 should be stated that spraying may be continued until the blossom 

 buds actually commence to open, and a few instances are on record 

 where spraying, while the trees were in bloom, has been practiced. 

 This is not advisable, nor would we recommend spraying later than 

 one week before the buds first commence to show the pink color. 



The advantage of spring spraying lies largely in the fact that 

 the wash remains on the sprayed trees during the eary summer 

 months. As soon as the foliage expands the limbs are partially 

 protected from the washing rains, which helps to make the wash 

 adhere to the trees. Lime-sulphur wash does not kill scale immedi- 

 ately, as is usually the case with oil emulsions, hence it is desirable 

 to have the wash remain on the trees for the longest time possible. 

 It seems that the action of the lime-sulphur wash is extended over 

 two or more months. Some nearly grown female may escape death 

 at the first spraying; young are developed by these females; the 

 young attempt to seek a place to settle down, and if they find the 

 limbs covered with lime-sulphur wash, they are unable to find a 

 suitable location. Even if some young scale find a portion of bark 

 free from wash, the rains and dews acting on the wash on some 

 portion of the limbs will carry enough lime-sulphur solution it, the 

 young scale to cause their death. This may seem a far-fetched 

 statement to some, but in no better way can we explain the un- 

 doubtedly prolonged action of the lime-sulphur wash. — Colman's 

 Kural World. 



