MICHIGAN STATE POMOLOGTCAL SOCIETY. 173 



There are several methods of training and pruning. I know 

 of but one more simple, and none productive of better results 

 than the one we have been considering, unless we make an 

 exception in favor of laying down only two feet of an arm in 

 one season, to be continued the next by cherishing the cane 

 at the end of each arm, pruning to two feet, and laying them 

 down horizontally, at the end of the season. It is claimed 

 that this method will insure permanency. I have generally 

 practiced it, and from my limited experience am inclined to 

 favor it, unless the arm cane is very vigorous. 



Sometimes two tiers of arms are formed from one vine, the 

 single cane being cut back ; three of the upper buds are allowed 

 to grow, producing three canes, two of which are cut back to 

 four feet and laid down for the first tier; the other is cut back 

 to two or three feet, the two upper buds producing canes, to 

 be laid down next season for the other tier. This is objection- 

 able, for the reason that the sap passes more freely into the 

 upper branches, supplying these at the expense of those below. 

 The fan system is still more objectionable for the same reason, 

 and the renewal system, if there was no other objection, is, 

 with one exception, too complicated. 



For that exception, the vines are planted ten feet apart in 

 the rows, and the rows from ten to twelve feet apart. To 

 prune for this system, we will take vines that have produced 

 their two upright canes; the right hand canes are all cut back 

 to five or six feet, laid down and fastened obliquely to the 

 trellis, every bud being allowed to grow ; the left hand canes 

 are all cut back to the two lowest wpll-developed buds ; only 

 the lower one is permitted to grow in the spring ; the laterals 

 are all to grow unchecked except to keep them within bounds, 

 and the shoot is encouraged to produce all the wood possible, 

 the object being to cover five feet of the trellis with bearing 

 wood for next season; the alternate pruning is done by cut- 

 ting back the right hand portion of the vine to one bud, or 

 better, to the first cane, and that to two buds, allowing only 



