WINTER MEETING. 29^ 



poison which is on the outside of the plant tissues. Many miptakes 

 are made aion<? this line. For sucking insects, nine times out of ten^ 

 use kerosene emulsion, powdered tobacco, tobacco tea or pyrethrum. 

 These substances must touch the insects, for they kill only by contact. 

 If the insect you are dealing with is a biting insect, then you employ 

 the arsenites, with the hope that they will eat it and be killed. For 

 biting insects, I advise Paris green, rather than London purple. Most 

 persons use London purple, but it is more variable in its composition 

 than Paris green. It is only a by-product of other manufactures, and 

 is not made for itself alone. Pure Paris green can be obtained on the 

 market, though much of it is adulrerated. London purple is of such 

 uncertain composition that you may spray with a certain result one 

 time and a very different result at another time, or with no result 

 whatever. Buy from reliable houses and insist on having pure goods.. 

 When you are using arsenical substances, see that the mixture is con- 

 stantly stirred. Do the work thoroughly. Many make the mistake 

 of using the Bordeaux mixture against insects. It is a fungicide, and 

 should never be used for insects. 



One of the first requisites in fighting insects is clean culture. 

 Don't allow rubbish to accumulate any where. Such insects as the 

 canker-worm can be kept down by cultivaiion, but they may get into 

 your orchard from forest trees and other places. The most of our 

 injurious insects lived upon other plants before they were found upoa 

 our cultivated plants. For instance the Colorado potato beetle lived 

 upon a nettle in its native habituals, but when it began to live upon the 

 potato it multiplied and spread very rapidly, thriving better upon the- 

 potato than upon its original food. Some of these insects have been 

 discussed time and again, but it seems necessary to have line upon 

 line, and precept upon precept. 



The codlin moth which makes our wormy apples is a small brown 

 moth about one-third of a inch in expanse. It deposits its egg in the 

 spring upon the little apple soon after the bloom drops. It soon 

 hatches and works its way into the apple where it eats its fill, and then 

 it drops to the ground to make its metar?norpho8i8, then it emerges 

 from the ground a perfect insect, making the circuit in about thirty 

 days. The first apple I picked up from the exhibits in this room has a 

 codlin moth larva in it ; and these are selected apples. They look nice 

 upon the outside, but many of them are bad inside. 



This moth deposits its eggs for a period of twenty days, and there 

 are three broods overlapping; so it deposits eggs 'all summer long. 

 We aim to kill the first brood only. It wont pay to spray for the 

 second or third. Use one pound of Paris green and three pounds 



