300 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



unslacked stone lime to one hundred and seventy-five gallons of water. 

 Stronger than this it may injure your trees, weaker it will not kill the 

 insect. Use a fine spray, soon after the blossoms have fallen, so the 

 larva will get a little poison its first meal, spray again in nine or tea 

 days. If it rains soon after you spray, repeat the spraying and don't 

 count that time. If the work is well done you can kill fifty per cent 

 the first year ; seventy-five the second year, and ninety the third year. 

 Stock eating apples as they fall will kill the worm, that may be in the 

 apple, but many of the worms emerge from the apples before they fall; 

 so picking up the apples will not prevent them from increasing. 



Borers are two kinds, round-headed and flat-headed. The former 

 does the greatest amount of damage. The round-headed borer is 

 hatched from eggs deposited at the base of the tree near the ground. 

 The first yeju- it stays In the cambium layer ; the next year it eats into 

 the wood, and the third year emerges in the beetle form. What can 

 we do to prevent it from harming our trees'? Washes, wrappers and 

 cutting it out are the remedies employed. The best way is to combine 

 all three of these methods. I will not discuss these washes; formulas 

 can be found in the reports of this Society, in farm papers, bulletins 

 from the stations and other places. Some succeed with these washes, 

 others fail. If only a part of the trees in an orchard are washed, they 

 may lay their eggs in the others. If your trees are all washed and your 

 near neighbors are not, they may pass your trees and lay their eggs in 

 his. These insects are bound to lay their eggs, and finding no other 

 suitable place, they may bore through the wash and put their eggs in 

 the tree, or they may enter at a point higher up the tree. 



The woolly aphis north of here does but little damage ; south it 

 does very much. It works almost entirely upon the roots of apple 

 trees and causes knots. These knotted roots decay, the tree loses its 

 anchor on the ground and blows over. They are wingless, and bring 

 forth living young. In the fall they lay eggs to carry them over the 

 winter. At certain season we have winged forms which fly to other 

 trees and infest them. It works under the ground so that we can not 

 reach it with any reasonable amount of kerosene emulsion. Tobacco 

 tea is good, so far as it goes, but powdered tobacco is the best remedy. 

 It costs about flfteen dollars per ton. To apply it take away some 

 four inches of soil, put in the tobacco and put the dirt back again. 

 Rains will send the nicotine down there and kill the aphis. 



The common aphis, which attracted so much attention last spring, 

 infects the buds and leaves early in the season, and sometimes causes 

 the leaves to rot. They bring forth living young in the summer and 

 lay eggs in the fall, and the fact that they bring forth living young is 



