WINTER MEETING. 319 



pruning or topping a tree or grapevine during the flow of sap in early 

 spring may cause it to bleed to death. 



11. Pro.ve that sap is not conducted to the branches through the 

 hard or heart wood. 



By coloring the \Yater with which a plant was watered, it has been 

 traced within the stem and found to ascend almost wholly in the cam- 

 bium layer (alburnum) or young growing wood between the bark and 

 heart wood. The same may be proved by sawing and placing a stick 

 of hickory or maple in the sunshine, or on a fire in early spring and 

 witnessing the flow of sap from this layer. 



12. Can small plants and trees be sent by mail ? 

 Yes, safely, to the amount of four pounds. 



13. What, duty do the local Horticultural Societies owe to the 

 pubKc schools and grounds ? 



They should aid in seleciing and procuring suitable trees and 

 shrubs for school grounds. 



14. What is Arbor day ? 



The Friday following the annual school meeting is a day set apart 

 for cleaning up and arranging grounds in every school district, when 

 parents and guardians are expected to assist in planting suitable shade 

 and ornamental trees and encourage the work by appropriate talks ? 



15. What are deciduous trees ? 



A deciduous tree is one that drops its leaves in autumn ? 



16. What are perennials ? 



Perennial plants live and blossom year after year. 



17. What are annuals *? 



Annuals live only for a year or part of a year. 



18. What is meant by nomenclature in horticulture ? 



By nomenclature in horticulture is meant the correct naming of 

 varieties of cultivated garden plants, including vegetables and fruits. 



19. What is sun-scald ? 



Sun-scald is the burning of tender leaves or the bark of trees by 

 the hot sun. 



20. How prevented ? 



It is prevented by keeping the parts shaded by proper pruning or 

 wrapping. 



21. What kind of a branch is called a sucker "? 

 One that starts from the underground stem. 



22. What three ways of propagating currants ? 

 (1) Grafting ; (2) layering ; (3) from cuttings. 



