WINTER MEETING. 323 



The seed is the final product of the flower, and has the rudimen- 

 tary plant in it. 



54. What is meant by berry ? 



A berry is a fruit in which the flesh is soft throughout, with the 

 . seeds imbedded, such as gooseberry, strawberry, blackberry, tomato 

 and orange. 



55. What is chlorophyll ? 



The green grains within the cells of plants. 



.56. What is protoplasm ? 



Protoplasm is a peculiar semi-transparent substance invaribly 

 present where life, plant or animal exists. 



57. What is a layer ? 



A layer is a brancii of a raspberry, etc., which is bent down and 

 covered with soil for the purpose of growing a root, after which the 

 connecting branch is cut, and so a new plant is originated. 



59. What is a sport ? 



A bud or shoot which suddenly assumes characters different from 

 the rest of the plant. 



60. What is cambium and its office ? 



The formative fluid found in the layer between the bark and wood 

 of an exogenous stem. 



61. What is the difference between pumpkin and squash? 



They are different species of the same genus cucurbita of the fam- 

 ily cucurbitaceaB. 



62. What is vegetable respiration °? 



Vegetable respiration is taking of air, gases and nutriment through 

 the leaves. 



63. What is vegetable assimilation ? 



Assimilation is the conversion of the transferred nutriment into 

 the substance of the plant itself. 



64. In speaking of cells in plants, what do we mean ? 



A typical cell is an oval boiy having a thin membranous wall sur- 

 rounding the protoplasm and nucleus. All living organisms are com- 

 posed of one or more such structures — McMurrick. 



65. What is reproduction in plants ? 



Reproduction of plants means the natural multiplication by seeds 

 and other means. 



66. What are exogenous stems ? 



Exogenous means outside growing. That is, the new wood is 

 added on the outside of the old, though within the bark. 



