HORTICULTURAL BULLETINS. 273 



Conrath, a Michigan occidentalis seedling, has already won more or less reputation 

 as a profitable early market variety, comparing very favorably with others of its 

 season, both as respects plant and fruit. 



Cromwell, a Connecticut seedling, is much like the preceding in season, as well 

 as in general character, though scarcely its equal in size of fruit. 



Early King is apparently a variety of strigosus, possessing the vigor and hardiness 

 of that species. So far it is productive of fruit of fine size and good quality. 



Farnsworth was received from Ohio in 1891. It possesses valuable characteristics 

 as a market blackcap, and is well worthy of trial for that purpose. 



Gladstone, though bearing an honored name, has proved to be a disappointment. 

 The fruit is far from attractive in either appearance or quality. The young canes 

 produce an autumn crop of fruif, a large proportion of which, however, in this 

 climate, is usually ruined by frost before maturity. 



Palmer is vigorous and productive. In weight of berry it is fully medium, while 

 Its bright color and good flavor render it very desirable for either family or market. 

 It is early, though not the earliest. 



Reeder (formerly Reder, by an error of the introducer), is still one of the most 

 excellent red raspberries, so far as weight of berry, bright color, and fine flavor 

 are concerned, only needing greater vigor and productiveness to adapt it to com- 

 mercial purposes. 



Thwack was received last spring. It is an old variety, which was tested here 

 ten or twelve years ago, and although large, hardy, vigorous, productive, and a 

 good handler, it proved so utterly deficient in quality that it was dropped. It is 

 yet occasionally planted for market. 



BLACKBERRIES (Rubus villosus). 



The stand of blackberries having been for several years in a very unsatisfactory 

 condition, a new plat was planted last spring, which when well grown is intended 

 to supersede the former one. 



Blaclvberries having been sprayed April 1, together with the entire plantation, 

 were again treated, April 27, wih a weaker solution, consisting of one pound of 

 copper sulphate in 250 gallons of water, to prevent anthracnose. 



May 23, anthracnose beginning to appear upon the young canes, the plat was 

 treated with a spray of Bordeaux mixture, consisting of four pounds of copper 

 sulphate and nine pounds of stone lime (that quantity proving necessary under 

 the prussiate of potash test) in forty gallons of water. 



June 21, repeated the spray for anthracnose, using one and one half ounces of 

 copper sulphate dissolved in fifty gallons of water. 



The only notable insect which has depredated upon the blackberry during the 

 season is the leaf-miner, Tischeria malifoliella Clemens, which has proven increas- 

 ingly troublesome for several years, and has this season become so numerous as to 

 nearly or quite ruin a very large percentage of the foliage. So serious has the 

 Injury become that some means of preventing or exterminating it seemed indispen- 

 sable. 



Saunders, in "Insects Injurious to Fruits," pages 114 and 115, notices the apple 

 leaf-miner as also attacking the foliage of the blackberry, this being assumed to 

 be the insect in question, although this may be doubted since he does not accurately 

 describe its habits as observed here, adding, moreover, "It has never been known 

 to do any material injury." 



Finding it indispensable that a remedy be applied, and observing that the larvae 

 were protected by the upper and lower tissues of the leaf, between which they 

 operate, it was obvious that no poisonous spray, whether caustic or otherwise, 

 could effectually reach them. As a dernier resort, in view of this dilemma, the 

 Infected leaves were removed and burned, while the larvae were yet at their work. 

 Later a few leaves were again attacked. These were treated in the same manner. 



The result of such treatment can only become manifest when it can be observed 

 through its influence upon the growth of the coming year. Quite possibly a better 

 knowledge of the life habits of the insect in its transformations might point to 

 a more effective or economical method of attacking it. 



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