EXPERIMENT STATION REPORTS. 107 



wliidi is one of the lotuliuji- objections to the use of tlie liine-sulphiir 

 i-eiiiedy Avill thus be avoide*!. 



Whatever remedy is used, it cannot be elVeclual unless the .work is 

 thoroiii'hly done as, if any of the infested portions are left nntonclied, a 

 sufficient number of the scales will be left alive to quickly reiufest the 

 trees. 



The results with the lime-sulphur mixtures Avere very satisfactory, 

 and one thorough s{)raying- in April was sufficient to .creatly reduce the 

 number of the scales. The treatment also has a very beneficial effect in 

 other ways, as it loosens the rou*-!! bark and lichens and gives the bai-k 

 a smooth healthy :i]i]>earance, besides lessenini;- 1he injury of fungi on 

 llie lea\('S and fiiiit. 



None of the so-called solnble oils, nni ;niy of llu' prtqjared sulphur- 

 lime pastes, ])roved effeclual in jirevenling the spread of the scales. Even 

 when used at double sirength there were two <u' three limes as many 

 in Ihe fall as before they were sprayed in the sj>ring, and at this rate 

 of inei-ease the trees would soon be killed. 



Trouble was experienced in securing a stable emulsion of the oils 

 Avith hard Avater. and in addition to this there is the danger of injuring 

 the trees Avith the uncombiucd oils. Reports from a large number of 

 ]>ersons Avho used the oils in 11)00 AAere receiAed, and with few excep- 

 tions they AA'ere unfavorable. In one or tAVo cases Avhere the oils Avere 

 said to haAe held the scale in check, the trees Avere found on examina- 

 tion to be badlv infested. 



Grape Rot and Mildew. 



During the yjast tAvo years reports of injury to the vineyards in South- 

 Avestern Michigan from the black rot and mildew of the grape have lead 

 to co-oi;>€rative experiments at several points in that section. The in- 

 jury from these diseases has not become general, as it is for the most 

 ])art confined to the vineyards in the southAvestern counties and even 

 there only a portion haAe suffered material losses. 



The black rot has been especially troublesome on north slopes and 

 in hollows AAiiere the circulation of air is poor, and the vines do not 

 dry off quickly. Under these conditions the crop Avas ruined in many 

 cases, Avhile in the neighboring vineyards little harm Avas done. The 

 doAvny mildeAV also did much injury in similar locations, and in vine- 

 yards that were neglected. This disease not only destroyed much of 

 the fruit, but by attacking the leaves, the ripening of the fruit Avas de- 

 layed, and in severe case prevented altogether. 



It has been kuoAvn for some years that these diseases can be con- 

 trolled by spraying the vines Avitli Bordeaux mixture, and arrangements 

 AA'ere made Avith several prominent grape groAvers for co-operative ex- 

 periments. The objects A\ere two-fold : to ascertain Iioav many applica- 

 tions can be made Avith profit, and the dates for making them. It is 

 too early to give any definite conclusions, esixicially as at best the 

 ]»ractice will need to vary Avith the location, season, varieties and the 

 <()uditions of the vineyards, but in all cases Avhere either of these dis- 

 eases has appeared, and ^•ery fcAV vineyards are entirel.A- free from the 

 downy mildcAv, it seems advisable to spray Avith a solution of copper 

 sulphate (tAvo pounds in fifty gallons of Avater) just before the buds 



