EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 283 



be prafctically wasted. When ready for use the remainder of the water 

 should be added. It is not necessary to have the mixture boiling hot 

 at the time of application but it will work best if it is applied while 

 sli^2;htlY warm. The addition of twenty-five to thirty gallons of cold 

 water to a similar amount of the boiling mixture will not make it too 

 cool for application. 



The use of stone lime is always to be preferred to that of hydrated 

 lime, as a considerably larger amount of the latter would be required 

 and there would be no heat secured from its slaking, which is verj 

 helpful in hfjstening the boiling of the mixture when stone lime is used. 

 While heat is necessary for securing the chemical union of the sulphur 

 and lime the source of the heat makes little difference, and, when con- 

 veniences are not at hand for boiling, fairly good though less effectual 

 results can be secured from utilizing the heat from the slaking of the 

 lime for the boiling. For this purpose take about fifteen pounds of 

 lime and fifteen of sulphur and after having slaked the lime and 

 added the sulphur as directed above, cover the barrel so as to retain the 

 heat. After one hour, add ten pounds more of lime and by the time the 

 mass has cooled a very large proportion of the sulphur will have com- 

 bined with the lime. Another method for the chemical cooking of the 

 sulphur and lime is to substitute five pounds of caustic soda for the last 

 ten pounds of lime. 



PATENT SCALE REMEDIES. 



A large number of ready prepared spraying mixtures have been placed 

 upon the m.arket but, although all of them have been brought out with 

 testimonials that upon their face would indicate that they are entirely 

 effectual as remedies, the results as we have tested them have in no case 

 been satisfactory'. While they kill a very large per cent of the scales, 

 the insects reproduce so rapidly that even though less than one per cent 

 remain alive upon the trees, they will be more badly infested in the fall 

 than before the trees were sprayed in the spring. Unless much better 

 results can be secured than this a remedy cannot be regarded as effec- 

 tual. Quite a number of the proprietary remedies are composed of 

 sulphur and lime, and it is claimed for them that they are even more 

 effectual than the home-prepared mixture. When used at the strength 

 recommended they are considerably more expensive and as analysis 

 shows that the amount of sulphur contained in the mixture will be con- 

 siderably less than is called for by the regular formula, it is not strange 

 that they prove less effectual. 



Of these mixtures, Con-Sol was most generally used in Michigan. 

 After trying it for one year and finding it ineffectual, fruit grovrers v.-ere 

 cautioned against its use. The manufacturers then claimed that they 

 had changed the formula and that it would be found all that could be 

 desired. A second trial, however, failed to substantiate their claims 

 and its manufacture was then given up. The various other mixtures of a 

 similar nature that were brought out have given no better results. 

 Recently one or two remedies in which all of the sulphur and lime is in 

 solution have been placed upon the market. These also are claimed to 

 be entirely effectual, but in view of the experience with the other pre- 

 pared sulphur and lime remedies their use even in an experimental way 

 cannot be recommended until something more is known about them. 



