298 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



either alone, or in combination, will be found very useful upon all or- 

 chard fruits. 



In spraying apple orchards the first application of Bordeaux mix- 

 ture and arsenite should be made just before the blossoms open. If • 

 there is any doubt about being able to spray the trees at this time, it 

 will be advisable to apply a solution of copper sulphate (two lbs. in 

 fifty gallons of water) during the months of March or April. As soon as 

 the fruit has set, another application should be made and this should 

 be repeated at the end of two weeks. If the third application is washed 

 off by heavy rains, or if conditions favor the development of fungi or 

 leaf-eating insects, a fourth application should be made in about two 

 or three weeks. 



The above treatment should keep the fruit and foliage free from 

 apple-scab fungus and hold the chewing insects in check. For the 

 second brood of codling moths an application of arsenite should be 

 made soon after the first of August, although if the insect has been very 

 troublesome in previous years, or if there are unsprayed orchards in 

 the vicinity, it will be well to spray the trees about July 25th and again 

 between August 10th and 15th. If varieties are especially subject to> 

 the attack of apple scab, or if the season is favorable for its develop- 

 ment, Bordeaux mixture can be used to advantage for winter varieties. 



When an orchard is infested with San Jose scale and it has been 

 thoroughly spra^'ed with sulphur and lime mixture in the spring, this 

 will take the place of the Bordeaux mixture up to the time of the setting 

 of the fruit. The treatment after that period should be as given above. 



THE SPRAYING OF PEARS. 



The pear is so closely related to the apple that the insects and dis- 

 eases to which it is subject are for the most part very like those found 

 upon the latter fruit and the same remedies can be used. The treat- 

 ment outlined above will be found useful in controlling the leaf blight, 

 leaf spot and pear scab, as well as the slug, codling moth and other chew- 

 ing insects. Except in the case of a few varieties that are very seriously 

 injured by leaf-blight and scab, it will not be necessary to spray the trees 

 more than twice in June, while a third application during the latter part 

 of July will hold the above diseases in check even upon such varieties as 

 Flemish Beauty and White Doyenne. If the trees are attacked by the pear 

 psylla, it will be well to spray the trees with kerosene emulsion (1 gaL 

 kerosene, 1 lb. soap and 12 gals, water) just as the buds swell. This 

 treatment will not be necessary if they have been previously sprayed 

 with sulphur and lime. 



PEACHES. 



The treatment of peach orchards is quite similar to that of pears 

 except that it does not need to be as continuous. It is of importance 

 that the trees be sprayed for leaf curl previous to the middle of April, 

 especially if the varieties are subject to the attack of this disease. The 

 sulphur and lime treatment for the San Jose scale will be an excellent 

 substitute for the copper sulphate solution which is ordinarily recom- 

 mended for the leaf curl. In many cases there is no occasion for 

 spraying after the trees have blossomed, exciept where the curculio, rot,. 



