334 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



SPRAYING. 



The trees on the station grounds received the usual applications of 

 Bordeaux mixture and an arsenite. This served to hold in check the 

 attacks of the various leaf blights and little injury was done b}- insects. 



In addition to comparative tests of the various remedies for the San 

 Jose scale, which are reported in another bulletin, co-operative ex- 

 periments in spraying for the second brood of codling moth were carried 

 on in an orchard near South Haven. The trees in plot number one were 

 sprayed with arsenate of lead (three pounds in fifty gallons of water) 

 on August 1st. In plot two they were sprayed with the same mixture 

 on August 1st and again on August 15th. In i)lot three the applica- 

 tion was made on August 15th. Plot four was sprayed with Bordeaux 

 mixture (three pounds copper sulphate, four pounds lime and fifty 

 gallons of water) on August 1st. In jdot five the trees were left un- 

 sprajed. 



The freeze of October 10th destroyed the chance of getting definite 

 results, but the fruit from i)lots one and two were less injured by the 

 codling moth than those in the other plots. This indicates that it is 

 well to spray the trees as soon as August 1st. The difference between 

 plots one and two was not sufficient to warrant the expense of the 

 second application. 



The variety sprayed was Wagener, and as little injury was done by 

 the scab even on the unsprayed trees, no benefit was observed from the 

 use of the Bordeaux mixture upon plot four. 



Especially in orchards where the coddling moth has been troublesome, 

 it will be well worth while to spray the trees with arsenate of lead either 

 in the latter part of July or early in August, and if the varieties are 

 subject to the attack of the apple scab and the season is favorable for 

 its development, the addition of Bordeaux mixture is advisable. 



The Octoler Freeze. 



In the morning of the ninth of October there was a snow fall of from 

 six to eight inches. In Hie aftei'uoon and evening the sky cleared up 

 and was followed by the freeze that was disastrous in its effects in the 

 southern part of the fruit belt. At the Station at six o'clock A. M. the 

 Ihermometer registered seventeen degrees above zero. Fruit growers in 

 llie vicinity reported as low as six degrees. The weight of the snow on 

 the trees in full leaf and a full crop of fruit broke nuiny of the limbs. 

 The freeze destroyed i)ractically all of the fruit on the trees. The un- 

 ripe varieties such as Greening apples and the Keiffer pears had the ap- 

 jtearance of baked fruit and the juice oozed out. The riper varieties 

 such as the Jonathan ajiples did not present such a bad appearance. 

 The exterior did not show it but the core was brown in the majority 

 of cases. There was a greater proportion of solid fruit left of the riper 

 varieties than there was of the later kinds. Peaches and grapes were all 

 destroyed. 



Of the trees, the peach generally suffered most. All show consider- 

 able injury to the cambium layer and the alburnum, or sap wood, the 

 vital parts of the tree. Parts of some trees show a green and healthy 



