EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS. 389 



hj' scab. The tallest and most promising trees at blossoming time were 

 tliose of the Haas variety, yet the attack of scab was so severe early in 

 the season, that the fruit and many leaves fell otf before the apples were 

 one-quarter full groAvn, and none of the trees rii)ened more than three 

 or four apples. Of Mcintosh Reel which is still more subject to scab, 

 not an apple remained on any tree, nor more than one-half of the leaves. 

 It will lake some years before fruit growing in a timbered region will 

 become an important factor, yet the time seems opportune for insisting 

 that spraying is an absolute necessity, for the development of scab ami 

 other parasitic fungi is much more favored in a region with abundant 

 moisture than it is wherever a lack of rainfall is the general rule. 

 Furthermore the loss of fruit from unsprayed trees is only an incidental 

 damage, for scab impairs the vitality of the leaves, hence the vitality 

 of the tree by causing the season's growth of wood to ripen too late. 

 Thus sunscald and the premature death of the trees are natural conse- 

 quences, yet the man who fails to spray generally inflicts a greater 

 injury upon others than he does upon himself, for he is usually tne flrst 

 to blame the climate or the Lord for his neglect, and in so doing he 

 becomes the involuntary but no less pessimistic agent who injures his 

 neighborhood and his state. The fact that the lirst ripe fruit of Duchess 

 secured a bronze medal for this station at the St. Louis World's Fair, 

 otfers some assurance that apple growing in this region will sooner 

 or later become an important factor, and to ijoint the way towards 

 success is the station's most important mission, w^hich, however, can 

 hardly be fulfilled except by practicing the same progressive methods 

 which it feels in duty bound to preach to others. 



The varieties which came into bearing for the first time are: Long- 

 field. Tree of Kussian origin and of spreading, j^endulous growth, hav- 

 ing all the appearances of a heavy bearer. Fruit medium size, roundish 

 conical. Skin smooth, clear waxen yellow with a bright red blush. 

 Dots distinct, few, large, yellowish. Cavity deep, narrow, russeted with 

 short stem. Basin abrupt, narrow, wrinkled. Flesh clear white, tender, 

 juicy, pleasant, brisk sub-acid, good. Season November. Blossomed 

 June 6. Wealthy. Originated by the late Peter M. Gideon, of Excel- 

 sior, Minnesota. Tree vigorous and spreading. Fruit large, roundish 

 oblate, regular. Skin smooth, light yellow, almost wholly covered with 

 bright crimson stripes and sjilaslies, marbled and mixed on sunny side. 

 Dots numerous, minute, white. Cavity deep, acute, regular, slightly 

 russeted with medium stem. Basin deep, smooth, regular, abrupt. Flesh 

 A\hite, sometimes stained with red, tender, very juicy, sprightly sub- 

 acid, very good. Season February. Blossomed June 11. Peter. Tree 

 of same origin as Wealthy and said to be hardier. Both are excellent 

 and so nearly alike as to make any distinction very difficult. Tetofsky, 

 origin Russia. Tree vigorous and very upright. Fruit medium, roundish 

 oblate, somewhat conical, angular. Skin smooth, yellow, striped and 

 splashed with bright crimson, marbled and mixed on sunny side and 

 overlaid with whitish bloom. Cavity wide, regular with stem short to 

 iricdium. Basin shallow, ribbed and corrugated. Flesh Avhite, juicy, 

 sprightly acid, good. Season September. Blossomed June 10. Gideon, 

 same origin as AVealthy. Tree vigorous, slightly spreading. Fruit large, 

 roundish oblong conical, regular, slighty ribbed. Skin clear yellowish 

 white with faint bronze blush and frequently bright crimson on sunny 



