132 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



There have been nurseries on Long Island, and along the river there 

 have been a few cases, but the western New York nurseries, so far as I 

 have learned, have escaped. I think, too, our Michigan nurseries are free, 

 but there is a chance that this insect is scattered about on some of the 

 trees planted during the last six or seven years. I think it would hardly 

 go back of five years; but, if any of you have bought trees from New 

 Jersey, I would advise looking tliem over carefully. 



When it becomes numerous on the trunk it gives the appearance of 

 coal ashes daubed on. On examination you will notice that each of the 

 scales has a minute depression on its center and upper side, and you 

 can see with naked eye the scales. Many of them are of black color. 

 With a small glass you can easily make them out, and you will gen- 

 erally find, where this depression is, a yellow spot. Here is a sample 

 (exhibiting a small branch) of genuine San .Jose scale. It has been 

 thoroughly soaked with kerosene oil, and with the glass you will be able 

 to examine the scale. 



As to the remedies for this. If you have a young tree that is at all 

 badly diseased, I think the most prudent thing would be to take the 

 tree out nt once and burn it. If you have only a few insects on the 

 branches, you could cut the branches back and destroy them, and treat 

 the trunk of the tree so as to probably do away with further harm. Fire 

 is perhaps the best method, but next to that is whale oil soap in water, 

 using a pint and a half to two pints of soap to the gallon, and thoroughly 

 scraping the tree, if it is a small one; or if larger, by thoroughly spraying 

 it and repeating this process after the lapse of a week. If a single scale 

 escapes, the chances are you may have a thousand or a million at the 

 end of a few months. This remed}^, if brought in contact with the insects, 

 is effective. The kerosene emulsion is also good but perhaps not as good 

 as the whale oil soap. If the leaves are off, make the emulsion twice as 

 strong as usual — one part to eight of water. That, particularly if you 

 repeat it, would also destroy them, and I would certainly, on account of 

 the great danger, advise everyone who has trees from any of these 

 eastern nurseries, to look over any such which have been put out within 

 the last five or six years; and if you find anything which looks like the 

 specimens here, if you will send a specimen to either myself or Prof. 

 Davis, at the college, we will tell you what we think of it. 



There is another insect which has been troublesome in some sections. 

 I brought along a little twig with some on. It is the common brown plum 

 scale, different from San Jose scale but may prove equally destructive. 

 This is more likely to occur on trees which have been neglected and in 

 dry seasons, but it is seldom very injurious to trees which are growing 

 properly, and the remedies would be the same as for the other. In fact, 

 for any of these scale insects, there is nothing better than whale oil 

 soap or kerosene emulsion. Recollect that with these Paris green would 

 have no effect, nor with Bordeaux mixtui'e. The scale must be killed by 

 direct contact, and Paris green has to be taken into the system to have 

 any effect. 



I meant to allude to another form of pest, which came from one of 

 the lake shore counties, and I wish to speak of it from the fact that you 

 might mistake it for San Jose scale. It is very much like it, but not so 

 injurious, and still it is to be feared. The same remedies may be applied 



