136 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



limewater. Is that limewater, which is practically clear, just as effec- 

 tual as if the lime particles were all mixed? 



Prof. Taft: I would wish to stir it up and mix it thoroughly. Along 

 that line, I would say that, to get the best results, the best way is to 

 dilute each one-half — dilute the lime you wish to use, and the copper 

 sulphate, and then stir them together gradually, and you will find that 

 they will not go to the bottom so fast as if you make a straight solution. 

 Dilute each before mixing. 



Mr. Boynton: Providing you are using copper and Paris green, and 

 you apply this lime, does the Paris green have just the same effect on the 

 insects that it would if you added the lime? A. Yes, but the copper 

 sulphate with the lime has a different effect on the fungus. The Paris 

 green does not affect the lime at all, except that, if there is any free 

 arsenic, it unites with the lime and prevents burning the foliage. 



Q. Do you advise mixing the lime and copper sulphate before you put 

 on any water? A. No, I dilute each before I mix. To make fifty gal- 

 lons, as an example, I would take five pounds of copper sulphate and have 

 that dissolved, and add to that twenty-five gallons of water, and then 

 mix them. 



I might speak of a method for a large orchard. I have a tank which 

 holds fourteen barrels, and when we are spraying, we put in anywhere 

 from eight to twelve barrels, according to the condition of the land. The 

 bottom of the tank is half round, so we can cramp and turn under it; it 

 has a cover, and those working the pump and applying the spray stand 

 upon this, bringing them up about five feet; and then, with the extension 

 rod, they are able to use the Vermorel nozzles on any ordinary tree, and 

 apply the spray thoroughly. The driver handles one of these lines of 

 hose, or one of the extension rods on which there are one or two Vermorel 

 nozzles. One of the men holds the bar and the other the lines. You have 

 seen some pictures where they are fenced in, but these two men, having 

 the supports they do, can drive over rough ground, and are not troubled 

 with being thrown off the tank. These two men are able to run the team 

 and pump and four nozzles. This tank, holding the quantity I mention, 

 enables you to spray two to four hours before going back to reload. With 

 large trees, you have to go back pretty often unless you have more than 

 the ordinary amount in the cask. We generally go to the smooth and 

 level ground while the tank is full, and to the uneven ground when the 

 tank is nearly empty. This tank is very valuable, because the movement 

 keeps it well stirred up, and we are not at all bothered with settling. 



Mr. Sherwood: Did you ever make Bordeaux mixture the day before? 

 A. I don't like to, but we make the stock solution a week in advance. 



Q. Did you ever have any left over night, and have it crystallize? A. In 

 that case, you generally have not enough lime. The copper sulphate, if 

 you have used more than one pound to a gallon, will drop to the bottom 

 and crystallize if it stands any length of time. We have had no trouble 

 at all, because I alwavs trv to clean out each dav and start fresh in the 

 morning. It is just as effectual, except that it settles to the bottom, and 

 it is difficult to keep it in suspension afterward. 



Mr. Winchester: What varieties of tree does this California scale 

 attack? 



