220 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Mr. Rice: They may have been at this port of entry here, but at our 

 port of entry they never have been, and I have heard that in the whole 

 shipment at our port of entry this year the low^est price per barrel at 

 w^hich they have entered was sixty cents — the invoice price. We find 

 that apples have been shipped from Montreal, and the invoice price 

 of those apples was a dollar per barrel, and those from Brighton |1.50 

 per barrel. How are they going to pay thirty cents per barrel for duty 

 and then come into Chicago and compete with jou? What is the matter 

 with their apples? (A voice: "Small in the middle".) All the apples 

 that come from Canada, according to our laws, must have the country 

 from which they came stamped on the head of the barrel, so that every 

 barrel of apples that comes from Canada is marked "Canadian-grown 

 apples", by so-and-so, of such a place. So, when Canadian fruit comes 

 into our market it must be tolerably straight or else the buyers go back 

 on the man. I think if we had some such law in regard to our own apples 

 it might help us a little. There is one thing in regard to duties that 

 our people want, and we must have. Canada charges us two cents per 

 quart on every quart of berries we send over there. The United States 

 charges them nothing on what thej^ send here. Our small-fruit growers 

 are completely ruined by the competition, and any man who wishes to 

 start in the fruitgrowing business would better go over to Canada,^ 

 because thereby he will get more markets. 



EDUCATION OF HORTICULTURISTS. 

 BY PEOF. L. R. TAFT OF MICHIGAN AGRICULTUEAL COLLEGE. 



Many of you have undoubtedly heard of the reply of the celebrated 

 painter, who, when asked with what he mixed his colors, replied, 

 "Brains". There is certainly no calling in which a liberal supply of 

 brains can be used to better advantage than that of horticulture, and 

 if they are as well cultivated as our fields should be, it will greatly 

 increase the chances of success. 



Education is generally considered from two standpoints, one being its 

 value as mental discipline and the other as knowledge. During our earlier 

 school-days the former may well have consideration; but, later on, the 

 two can wisely be combined. 



In making a selection of the studies that will aid the horticulturist 

 in his chosen calling, we should not forget that he is also a man and a 

 citizen; and that, in addition to his purely technical studies, we should 

 provide others that will aid him in his social and political relations and 

 in those activities that make up the leisure part of life. 



For the mental equipment of the horticulturist, no better advice can 

 be given than that we combine practice with science, and if we are 

 able to thus combine the theoretical instruction with the practical it 

 will do much to insure future success. The horticulturist, even more 

 than the farmer, should be equipped with a full stock of knowledge, as 

 he will need it if he is to surround his crops with the conditions that they 



