MICHIGAN EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS 325 



be repeated, and, as occasion demands, judging from the appearance of 

 Insects and diseases, and if the conditions are favorable for the develop- 

 ment of the latter, the trees should be sprayed. Several of our fruits 

 are attacked by fungous diseases during the months of July and August, 

 and, in case the fruit has been gathered, or will not ripen until fall, 

 Bordeaux mixture can be used as a fungicide, but otherwise a solution 

 of copper sulphate, or of liver of sulphur, should be ai)plied. For the 

 powdery mildews fully as good results, if not better, are obtained from 

 the use of liver of sulphur as from Bordeaux mixture, but the latter 

 is generally preferable for other diseases as it will remain for a longer 

 time upon the foliage. 



For borers near the collar of fruit trees, the use of various alkaline 

 washes is desirable, as they keep the bark smooth and the eggs are not 

 likely to be deposited. The addition of Paris green, lime, sulphur and 

 carbolic acid, is recommended by some. If the borers have entered the 

 trunk of the trees they should be carefully dug out. 



Apples and Pears. — The treatment recommended above will generally 

 suffice for ordinary insects and diseases, but the pear is often attacked 

 by leaf-blight, for which one or two applications of Bordeaux mixture in 

 July and August will prove effectual. For the pear blight the injured 

 portions should be cut off several inches below where the disease appears. 

 The pruning knife and saw should be dipped in some disinfecting solu- 

 tion, such as corrosive sublimate, before it is used on other trees; this is 

 also a good plan when pruning pear trees at any time. 



Plums and Cherries. — For brown rot, shot-hole fungus, slugs and 

 curculio, spray with Bordeaux mixture and an arsenite. Cut out and 

 burn "black knot". Examine the trees for it in June and again in 

 earl}^ winter. Fungicides help to prevent its spread. For plant lice,, 

 or aphides, spray thoroughly with strong tobacco water. 



Peach. — Spray with Bordeaux mixture just before the buds open, for 

 curl leaf and brown rot. Repeat as above, adding an arsenite. When 

 yellows appears, immediately cut out and burn the trees. Examine for 

 borers in October and May. Dip roots of young trees in tobacco water 

 for black peach aphis, before planting; on the roots of orchard trees 

 apply wood ashes. Reject nursery trees with crown-gall. 



Grape. — Use Bordeaux mixture and arsenites thoroughly for mildews, 

 black rot and anthracnose, and leaf-eating insects. For mildews, par- 

 ticularly when the fruit is nearly ripe, use liver of sulphur, or copper 

 sulphate solution. 



Currants and Gooseherries. — For mildew, leaf spot and worms, spray 

 with Bordeaux mixture and arsenites, when worms first appear; repeat if 

 necessary. After second application rely on liver of sulphur for mil- 

 dews. After crop is gathered use Bordeaux mixture for leaf spot. 



Raspberry and Blackhernj. — Dig out plants affected with Orange rust; 

 cut out canes severely injured by anthracnose and spray with Bordeaux 

 mixture. If the plantation becomes badh^ diseased start anew, using 

 healthy plants. 



StraiDherry. — Spray with Bordeaux mixture and arsenites for leaf 

 blight, leaf rollers and others insects, just before the blossoms open, and 

 again after the fruit has set. Repeat after the fruit has been gathered. 



Potato. — For the Colorado beetle spray with Paris green (one pound to 

 one hundred gallons) and lime. For the early blight use Bordeaux mix- 

 ture. 



