380 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY 



as the pistol-case-bearer and the cigar-case-bearer. They are called case- 

 bearers because the caterpillars construct cases for themselves which 

 they carry on their backs and which serve as protection to the owners. 



THE PISTOL-CASE-BEARER. 



Coleophora maUcorella Riley. 



This insect should receive the careful attention of both nurserymen 

 and fruit growers, as it is becoming a very serious pest. It is especially 

 injurious to the apple and pear and is known to attack the quince. The 

 principal injury is done to the buds and expanding leaves. The young 

 caterpillars construct pistol shaped cases soon after hatching. They 

 hibernate in these and during the winter the cases may be seen attached 

 to the twigs, as shown at Plate VI, fig. 4. The case-bearers are more 

 noticeable during the spring or early summer, as their cases are much 

 larger and their injurious work more apparent. This insect is discussed 

 in detail in Bulletin No. 122 of this Station. 



The pistol-case-bearer is probably distributed over a considerable area 

 in the eas^tern states. It is especially injurious in the apple orchards of 

 We?;tern New York. The writer has observed it in seriously injurious 

 numbers in some of the large orchards in Orleans, Monroe, Wayne, 

 Ontario and Seneca counties. 



CIGAR-CASE-BEARER. 



Coleophora jletcherella Fernald. 



A closely allied species is the cigar-case-bearer. The case of the 

 mature caterpillar resembles a miniature cigar, hence the name. The 

 writer has not observed this species in the nursery as frequently as the 

 other, but it is well known as a serious pest in the apple orchards, espe- 

 cially in the western part of the state. The hibernating case-bearers 

 of this species are not as easily detected as those of the other. Their 

 cases are smaller, usually a little lighter colored and bent in the shape 

 of a half moon. They are usually found close beside the winter buds 

 or partialh^ hidden in a fold in the bark or the angle made by a branching 

 twig. It is as widely distributed as the former species and is found on 

 the same food plants. 



THE BUD MOTH. 



Tmetosera ocellana Schif. 



Although not a case-bearing insect the discussion of this species may 

 be placed here for convenience. 



History. — This species is probably of European origin. It was known 

 as a serious pest in this country nearly fifty years ago. Since then it has 

 been recorded as a serious pest in various parts of the eastern states. 



Present distribution. — It is probably well distributed throughout the 

 eastern states. It is also well known in Canada. It has been found in 

 Missouri and as far west as Idaho. 



Food plants. — The writer has observed this insect upon apple, pear, 

 plum and peach trees. According to Prof. M. V. Slingerland*, who has 

 made a careful study of this species, it also attacks the cherry, quince 

 and blackberry. 



*CorneU Univ. Agl. Exp. Sta. Bui. 107, p. 57. 



