58 STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



gun, mount and dismount my horse, and do everything with the fewest 

 motions. Every movement was carefully prescribed and was gone over 

 again and again, so that, under the intense excitement of the battlefield, 

 everything should be done with celerity and in order. In setting plants I 

 do not allow my help to work at random, making a dozen moves where one 

 will suffice. I first adopt a method and then drill them until they can do 

 it accurately, and then we are ready for the field. When a machinist lays 

 down his tools they are placed where he can get them with the least pos- 

 sible trouble. A printer's case is so arranged that he can reach and 

 distribute the type by moving his hand the shortest possible distance. A 

 careful examination of the methods employed on the farm will show that 

 loss of motion in having tools in the wrong place, the wrong kind of 

 tools, and a lack of knowledge in their proper use, is one of the greatest 

 losses in farm economy. We must not expend a large amount of labor on 

 a piece of land not sufficiently supplied with plant food; and, having once 

 properly fertilized, we must not lose the crop for want of cultivation. 

 We know plants in general will not thrive with wet feet, and in these 

 days of cheap tile and improved methods of putting them into the 

 ground, we do not economize by setting plants in cold, wet soil. 



Study the causes that produce the effect, and work with a well-defined 

 purpose. Find out precisely what tools will do each particular kind of 

 work best, and keep them in the best possible condition. Learn the prin- 

 ciple of true economy. 



The great study of the world is how to get on with less, curtail our 

 enjoyments, toil early, toil on, pinch! pinch! Give loud lamentations to 

 the fact that the world produces so much. Our politicians and economists 

 teach us to discontinue the use of this and that, until our factories shall 

 become idle and our fields barren. The great question should be, how can I 

 consume the products of your labor, that you may consume and enjoy 

 that which I produce? Consume all you can. The world stands ready to 

 supply it. Life is short, and God intended we should enjoy the whole of 

 it; that we should have an abundance of the luscious fruits and beautiful 

 flowers. The cry of over-production is a sham, and people are fast find- 

 ing it out. Notwithstanding the universal cry of economy and retrench- 

 ment, we are making progress. There are more of the luxuries of life among 

 common people than ever before, and he who shouts " go slow " does not 

 belong to the last decade of the nineteenth century, 



Mr. W. E. BiED of Ann Arbor asked what is Mr. Kellogg's method for 

 pickers handling berry boxes in the field. 



Mr. Kellogg: I have baskets or frames made of lath, holding four 

 boxes. These are returned to the shed, and the pickers must return all 

 boxes taken. I begin picking when the dew is nearly off, and continue till 

 near noon. Pickers are from ten to twenty years of age, and mostly girls. 

 I pay by the quart — l^c for strawberries and blackberries, l^c for rasp- 

 berries, with an additional ^c per quart to all pickers who remain through 

 the season. One person brings all fruit to the packing shed, so the pick- 

 ers save time, and there is less tramping over the rows. 



The chair announced the following committees: 



