SUMMER MEETING. 



37 



that Prof. Beal hopes to make his laboratory aud those who go out from it, 

 useful. As these practical fields of life-work become more scientific, he argues 

 that they require more technical knowledge of the unseen elements that mould 

 success and failure ; hence he hopes, through the aid of the miscroscope, and 

 the field of observation which it opens, to render valuable assistance to those 

 who are to gain their livelihood in dealing with plants that support life. 



The exercises having been turned over to Dr. Beal, he said : 



Dr. Beal : These young people who are members of the sophomore class 

 will now give you some notion of the things they have been studying. During the 

 spring term they spent two hours daily in the Botanical Laboratory investigat- 

 ing plants, each aided by a compound microscope and other apparatus. For 

 most of the time they all work on the same subject, but each member of the 

 class has a special topic, to which he gives more attention. The subjects se- 

 lected for this meeting have not been worked up any better than others which 

 are not here placed on your programme. The selections were made with the 

 intention of giving a variety of things which ought to interest horticulturists. 

 Each student made the drawings about which he speaks and then enlarged them, 

 as they appear before you. India ink was used on card-board. The drawings 

 are all original from nature, with the exception of a part of two plates. 



Some of the students will now give a general notion of the structure of a leaf, 

 each taking a special part. I call on H. E. Harrison : 



Fig. 1 a, shows the cells with the small 

 mouths, stomata, here and there on the 

 lower side of a leaf of the pumpkin ; b 

 shows a small portion of the upper sur- 

 face of the leaf, containing fewer sto- 

 mata ; c shows the lower surface of a 

 small piece of a leaf of cypripedium 

 from the green-house ; d the upper sur- 

 face. Observe that in the leaf of the 

 pumpkin the stomata appear on both 

 surfaces, while in case of the cypri- 

 pedium they only occur on the lower 

 side. 



EPIDERMIS. 



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Fig. 1. 



Fig. 2 a, illustrates a part of a slice 

 across the leaf of a cypripedium. Ob- 

 serve the cuticle on the upper side 

 is quite thick. The section is made 

 by placing a piece of a leaf in the 

 slit in the pith of elder. A sharp razor 

 cuts the leaf with the pith. Fig. 2 b, 

 shows a similar view of a leaf of pump- 

 kin ; c, gives us three views of some 

 small hairs on the surface of the leaf of 

 the pumpkin. 



Dr. Beal : We shall now hear some 

 particulars in reference to several sorts of 

 mouths on the surfaces of leaves. '^1 call ou L. H. Dewev 



fig. 



