VAKIOUS NATIONAL SOCIETIES. 139 



plant from the nursery. Nor is it true that one has to wait a generation to eat 

 of the tree which he plants. Japan chestnuts, almonds, filberts, and dwarf 

 English walnuts, he argued, came into bearing as young as peach trees, while 

 the standard chestnuts, pecans, hickories, and walnuts can be planted for the 

 boys that are coming on. He insisted that there was as much money in the 

 growing of nuts, if the species and locations are well chosen, as in growing 

 apples. He spoke in the highest terms of praise of the Japanese chestnut, 

 and quoted Win. Parry and Samuel C. Mow as making money out of the 

 Spanish chestnut. 



Following the reading of the paper there was an animated discussion. In 

 reply to a question how far north the pecan would flourish, Dr. McKay said he 

 had observed it as far north as Peoria, 111. It would grow almost anywhere 

 where the English walnut flourished. Mr. Van Deman said the English wal- 

 nut was a failure in the west. Lindley, of North Carolina, said it flourished 

 in that State, but was difficult to transplant. Mr. Greiner said there was no 

 trouble if transplanted under one year old. Mr. Albaugh said chestnuts grew 

 well in Miami valley, but do not mature fruit. He asked how they could be 

 rendered fruitful. They blossom, the burr grows, but there is no nut in it. 



Prof. Claypole said his experience showed that English walnuts do not pros- 

 per north of the Ohio river. But little difference between Spanish and Amer 

 ican chestnuts, but the former will not stand our winters. The chestnut does 

 not fruit freely except on sandstone, or shaly soil. Does not do well on lime- 

 stone. Hickorynuts were the nuts for Americans to raise for profit. Mr. 

 Pierce, of Tallmadge, 0., lives in a chestnut region. They do not bear well on 

 low clay lands, and are not of much profit anyhow. Lindley, of North Caro- 

 lina, says there is not a chesnut tree in all central North Carolina. Mr. 

 Albaugh said the butternut was indigenous to southern Ohio. The best way to 

 grow any nut trees was to plant the nuts where the trees are to grow. They 

 were impatient of removal. Mr. Williams, of Lake county, Ohio, said chest- 

 nuts seldom matured in that county. Walnuts bear well. Mr. Greiner, of 

 New Jersey, said walnuts did well there. Mr. Hollister, of Missouri, thought 

 few nut trees paid better than the pecan, but it is fast disappearing. 



SMALL FEUITS IN NEW ENGLAND 



Was the topic handled by J. H. Hale, of South Glastonbury, Connecticut. He 

 said: 



I think we of the southern portion of New England are at the present time 

 producing and eating more fruit than any other section of the country, yet its 

 production for market is in the hands of many small cultivators, averaging, 

 perhaps, not much more than one acre, while anyone having eight or ten acres 

 is considered to be quite largely in the business. There are several causes for 

 this, but the one great cause is the cost. Labor and manures are both high, 

 and for a four or five acre plantation quite a little capital is required. For 

 strawberries we need, say about $150 per acre divided about as follows: Land rent 

 $6, plowing and harrowing $4, manure £50, plants $20, summer cultivation, $50, 

 mulching material for winter $20. In the $50 for fertilizing, I allow $35 for 

 one ton of pure ground bone, and $15 for muriate of potash, which are now 

 considered the best and cheapest sources of plant food that we can obtain for 

 our fruits. If in place of this stable manure is used, either from the farm or 

 purchased, the expense will be about $25 per acre more, and as we seldom pick 



