470 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



•topper sulphate 1 pound 



Water 150 to 250 gallons 



should be used. The amount will vary with the kind of fruit; apples will 

 stand the stronger solution, while on peaches one pound to 250 gallons is 

 as much as can be safely used. To be effectual as a fungicide when the 

 diluted formula is used, soft water should always be employed. 



LIVER OF SULPHUR. 



Especially for the powdery mildew upon gooseberries, grapes, etc., a 

 solution of liver of sulphur, (sulphide of potassium) is a valuable fungicide, 

 as, after the fruit has set, it seems even more effectual than Bordeaux mix- 

 ture. 



Liver of sulphur 1 ounce 



Water 3 gallons 



It is not poisonous and is well worthy of trial where fruits that are 

 nearly ready for use are attacked by fungi. 



INSECTS AND DISEASES AND THEIR TREATMENT. 



The following brief descriptions of some of the more dangerous insects 

 and diseases of fruit trees are given with the hope that they may aid in 

 the detection of the presence of these pests and secure their prompt treat- 

 ment. Especial attention is given to those that come under the operation 

 of the orchard and nursery laws of Michigan, in order that the persona 

 seiecTea as commissioners in the different towuships may have some 

 guide that will aid them in recognizing the nature of the trouble, aud in 

 determining the proper treatment or remedy. As the remedies often fail 

 from the fact that the nature of the insect or disease is not understood, 

 it is urged that when any doubt exists specimens be mailed to State 

 Experiment Station, Agricultural College, Mich. They will be examined 

 and remedies given if possible. 



SAN JOSE SCALE. 



This most dangerous of all our fruit -tree pests has been found in a dozen 

 or more places in the slate and undoubtedly exists in still others. Every 

 effort should be made to destroy the colonies we now have and to prevent 

 its introduction to uninfected sections. 



The insect has little power of locomotion, but maybe brought in upon 

 nursery stock, or can be carried by birds, and ants and other insects, 

 from tree to tree. It attacks all of our fruit plants and has been found 

 upon various kinds of forest trees. 



It propagates very rapidly and three or four broods may develop in a 

 season, so that it will quickly incrust the branches of a tree, which will 

 then look us if plastered with coal ashes. When they first appear, they 

 nave a louse-like form and can move about, but they soon settle down. 



