472 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE. 



Nearly as good results can be obtained with less danger of injury to the 

 trees, from a mechanical mixture of kerosene and water, using three or 

 four parts of water to one of kerosene. Special spraying apparatus is 

 required, among the best being the kerosene sprayer made by the Deming 

 Co., Salem, Ohio. 



About the middle of June the young insects appear and a careful watch 

 should be kept for them. If any are found the trees should be sprayed 

 with whale-oil soap solution, or with kerosene emulsion, with eight parts 

 of water to one of kerosene. 



THE CANKER WORM, 



This insect has in some seasons done much harm to apple trees, and, 

 when its ravages have been unchecked for two or three years, it has even 

 killed the trees. There are two kinds of canker worm, as well as other 

 insects of similar habits; one form deposits its eggs during October and 

 November upon the twigs of the apple trees, while the other appears dur- 

 ing warm spells of late winter and early spring. The female moths are 

 wingless and, as they have passed their pupal form in the ground, the 

 only way they can reach the branches is by crawling up the trunks of tbe 

 trees. Some endeavor to trap the moths, as they ascend the trees, by 

 placing bands of paper about the trunk and smearing them with printer's 

 ink or tar; others use various other bands and traps, but to be effectual 

 they must be applied before the moths ascend the tree, and must be 

 kept in a condition to act as a barrier, whenever the ground is not frozen 

 from October to May. As this is a serious task and as, even at the best, 

 some of the insects may evade the traps, the principal reliance is upon 

 spraying with arsenites. 



Some failures are reported, but it is probable that the spraying was 

 delayed too long, or that it was not thorough. The eggs hatch about the 

 time the trees blossom, and if the trees have been infested in previous 

 years, a thorough spraying should be given just before the blossoms open, 

 and it should be repeated as soon as the blossoms have fallen, and again 

 if necessary. The spray should be in the form of a fine mist and should 

 cover every leaf. To hold the arsenite upon the trees it is well to add lime 

 to the spraying mixture. This will also aid in determining when the work 

 has been thoroughly done, and will permit the use of a larger amount of 

 Paris green, or other arsenite. Although it will add considerably to the 

 cost of the mixture, from the fact that nearly all varieties are attacked 

 upon their foliage, if not upon their fruit, by the apple scab fungus, it will 

 generally pay to add Bordeaux mixture to the spraying material. If 

 Bordeaux mixture is not used, a good formula will be, one pound Paris 

 green, ten pounds of lime and one hundred and fifty gallons of water; or 

 use one fourth of a pound of Paris green with forty gallons of Bordeaux 

 mixture. 



BLACK PEACH APHIS. 



For several years the orchards in the vicinity of Grand Rapids, and in 

 various sections along the lake shore, have been injured by what is 

 known as the "Black Peach Aphis." This is a brownish-black, shining 

 insect that feeds upon the roots of the trees. The individuals are so small 

 that they can barely be seen with the naked eye, but they often appear 



