192 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



is put iii n tighl cask and slaked with hot water, and when giving 

 off considerable heat the sulphur is added; the caustic soda is then 

 added and the whole well stirred, water being added as needed. 

 The mixture is then diluted to make 150 gallons. This has given 

 fair satisfaction, but owing to so much useless lime it is harder to 

 work. When properly made the boiled mixture is the best and 

 cheaper. The new preparation, Kero limoid, is being tried this 

 season, but so far has not given the best satisfaction. If not properly 

 emulsified it has in many instances badly injured the trees. Like 

 all preparations containing oil, it must be used cautiously, as it is not 

 good material in careless hands. Whale oil soap is a pretty sure a 

 remedy if applied while trees are dormant; two pounds to one gal- 

 lon of water, but it is expensive and destroys many buds. Dust 

 sprays are being used in many sections, but they must be used while 

 dew is on trees. They have not given satisfaction. 



Machinery varies according to the demands. For shrubs, bushes 

 and small trees a knapsack sprayer is sufficient; for a few larger 

 trees a bucket pump can be used, but for a small orchard up to 5 

 acres a good force pump with a large air chamber is needed. Mount 

 this on a barrel or tank and have a good strong man to pump; have 

 a hose not less than 40 feet, a bamboo extension pole with a group 

 of Vermorel nozzles, will give very good satisfaction. But for 

 large orchards you want a power pump. There are many made that 

 are of merit. In 1904 we used gasoline power, having a light, double 

 cylinder upright engine mounted on a low down wagon connected 

 to pump by means of pumping jack. With this machine we could 

 maintain a very good pressure and did good work, but it had many 

 faults. It was heavy and noisy and we had to use a pump and safety 

 valve, and using the lime, sulphur and salt spray under pressure 

 they were always out of order, the wash eating the brass that we 

 could not maintain equal pressure, so we wanted something better, 

 and hearing of the machine run by liquid gas, doing away with all 

 pumps, I decided to try one, so in fall of 1904 I purchased one, and 

 this seems to fill the bill. We have used it this season on 30 acres 

 of orchard giving three sprayings, and the longer we use it the better 

 we like it. It does away with all the hard, disagreeable work and does 

 away with wear and tear of pumps. Its very simplicity recommends 

 it. It consists of a tank of steel holding from 50 to 200 gal- 

 lons, with an opening in the dome for putting in the liquid, which is 

 then closed. There is also a gauge to show the pressure, a safety 

 valve set at 125 pounds. This is connected by a strong rubber hose 

 to the liquid gas tube, which is a steel tube containing 50 pounds 

 liquid gas, put in under very heavy pressure, which condenses the 

 carbonic gas into a liquid. When your tank is closed you turn on 

 the gas to any pressure you want. We generally run from 80 to 



