No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 327 



a better form, get more vigor, and stronger constitution in feeding 

 that way. Now the very advantage that we got from the feeding of 

 so much protein and so much skim milk, we found made a big differ- 

 ence in the dairy herd. About three or four months from calving 

 you commence to see the shoulder dropping off and commence to take 

 on the dairy form, and shape up for her motherhood, and consider- 

 ably more vigorous than when brought up on the protein feed. That 

 is our experience in regard to the matter. When we came to de- 

 velop the udder of these heifers, it was a very nice thing to do. We 

 have had but one sire in all our history at Flourtown that could put 

 an udder upon everything with which he came in contact. We were 

 certainly assured that that animal would bring such a result every 

 time. Now every one of his heifers showed up splendidly as well as 

 in productiveness. There are certain things about the udder that we 

 want to think about. Our doctrine is, no udder, no cow. 



Now there are three ideas that must be kept constantly in view 

 in breeding. I believe that a man who takes an animal and breeds 

 an animal up to a state of perfection and beauty, is just as great 

 an artist as Beethoven or Mozart, or any artist that undertakes to 

 take material of clay and model a statue or paint a picture, for he 

 develops it just as carnations have been developed. We are looking 

 at these questions because we know that from like comes like, and 

 we must learn to follow Nature's laws and work along the lines that 

 experiment has shown will bring the required result. We can see 

 that in the bare form; certain indications that show what an animal 

 is going to be. Suppose we take up the question of that heifer that 

 we turn over on its back. We examine its mouth and eye, note the 

 shape of the neck, the line of its back, the angle of the form along 

 here (indicating on black-board). All these are splendid things, but 

 suppose the animal has a beautiful form, and she has no line of udder, 

 when it is eighteen months old; when you stand on a side view, find 

 you cannot see one of the front teats. It is a pity that such is the 

 fact, for you have made a mistake and it is a pity that you have not 

 bred better. In the dairy animal you must have that conformation 

 in such a way that you can get out of it its best qualities. You know 

 that the milk secretion is there and if there is not room to hold it, 

 you are going to get into trouble about it. If you have an equally 

 developed quarter, and those teats are just the right shape, so that a 

 man can take hold of them and milk them very well and easily with- 

 out squeezing the glands hard, then you have what you want. Time 

 and again I have read in the dairy papers, something like this: "One 

 of our cow t s don't give milk out of one of her teats." The officials 

 will say, perhaps, the man has been milking that one teat too hard; 

 he has closed up the inside of that gland by squeezing it too hard. 

 Those are the things that render cows valueless time and again. 



