584 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



9. During the latter part of July, apple, peach and plum trees 

 were treated with Lime and Sulphur, (25, 20 lbs. and 60 gallons 

 water). 



10. Another lot, of the same varieties and standing beside the 

 former block, were sprayed with Lime-sulphur-salt (25, 20, 12 lbs., 

 75 gal. water), at the same time. Both lots were boiled 45 minutes, 

 and both were equally badly infested. 



A month later only about half the scales were dead, the majority 

 of the dead ones being on the trunks and larger branches, but the 

 tips of the twigs, being protected by the leaves, were yet badly in- 

 fested. The young and recently fixed scales, however, w y ere prac- 

 ticallv all dead. 



11. Both lots were again sprayed during the latter part of Au- 

 gust with Lime-sulphur-salt (25, 20, 12, 75), boiled three-fourths of 

 an hour, and at the last examination, on Jan. 10th, 85 per cent, were 

 dead. Many of the trees, especially apple and peach, were severely 

 injured by this latter spraying, the leaves and young twigs being 

 in many instances entirely killed. Although it is probable that the 

 continued ravages of the scale would also have injured some of the 

 trees severely if continued uninterruptedly until late fall. One fact 

 was brought out in this work, which is true in all summer spraying, 

 and that is the difficulty of doing thorough work w 7 hile the leaves 

 are on the trees, as it is practically impossible to reach the small 

 twigs with enough material to effectively reduce or kill the scales. 



Success with the Lime-sulphur-salt wash depends more upon 

 thorough work than in case of other insecticides. A pump w 7 ith a 

 high pressure and a good nozzle, producing a fine spray, are neces- 

 sary to reach the small twigs. It is not as penetrating or searching 

 as the oils, making it necessary in some instances to go over the 

 trees two or three times to reach every spot not covered by the first 

 application. This w'ash is now w r ell proven to be a fungicide as 

 well as an insecticide, and when applied leaves a white coating on 

 the bark, which aids the operator in finding the missed places. 

 It has been found to be the cheapest and most effective wash known, 

 being absolutely safe in the hands of the amateur. It will not 

 injure the most tender fruit trees when applied during the dormant 

 season, but on the contrary aids in ridding the bark of fungus 

 diseases, which most commercial insecticides will not do. 



Lime-sulphur-Caustic -Soda being the self-boiled wash, killed about 

 10 per cent, less scale insects, in almost every experiment in which 

 it was used, than did the boiled Lime-sulphur-salt wash. There 

 was always more sediment left behind in the self-boiled wash, which 

 tended to clog up the nozzle and render the mixture difficult to 

 spray. It is just as disagreeable to handle as the boiled Lime- sui- 

 phur-salt wash, and is not as efficient in keeping down the scale. 

 It is therefore not recommended. 



KEROSENE. 



Kerosene mixtures used on apple, plum, pear and peach were 

 sprayed on Sept. 21st with some very good results, Avhile others were 

 very poor, as is usually the case w r hen using the oils. These 

 trees w r ere moderately infested with San Jose" Scale on the plum 

 and peach, while most of the pear and apple were also infested 

 with Scurfy Scale. 



