No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 535 



12. Kerosene and Lime (Limoid), 20 per cent. Kerosene, showed 

 55 per cent, of the scale dead on Jan. 11th. 



13. The same material applied to apple at the same time and 

 strength, showed 70 per cent, of the scale dead. 



14. Moderately infested apple, plum, pear and peach sprayed with 

 Kerosene Emulsion (20 per cent. Kerosene), have 95 per cent, of ail 

 scales dead at the 1st of the present month. Th wide difference 

 in results in using the oils is probably due to the fact that Kerosene 

 tends to separate from preparations with water. These mixtures 

 being applied to the Scurfy Scale on pear and apple did not seem 

 to affecct it in the least, the eggs being apparently healthy. 



15. Kerosene mixture used on plum, apple and pear, moderately 

 infested with San Jose" Scale, was sprayed on Sept. 22nd, and ex~ 

 amined on Jan. 11th, with the result that DO per cent, of the scale 

 were found dead. (20 per cent, of kerosene.) 



16. Warren's "Sand Oil" or Crude Petroleum, used as it came 

 from the barrel, was applied on pear and apple encrusted with San 

 Jose" Scale on Nov. 17th and examined on Jan. 10th. All San 

 Jose" Scales were found dead, but the eggs of the Scurfy were not 

 affected, or at least had the appearance of being uninjured. 



17. Experiments with Whale Oil Soap two pounds to one gallon 

 of water on pear and plum, killed 55 per cent, of the scale. This 

 application was made on Nov. 1st, and last examined on Jan. 11th. 



18. Caustic Soda, applied November 2nd, at the rate of (a) 7 and 

 (b) 10 pounds to 50 gallons of water showed only 30 per cent, of dead 

 scale. Both strengths burned the foliage of the trees, but at 

 present we cannot tell if there was any further injury. Examina- 

 tion was made, as before, during the first week in January. 



In conclusion I would sum up the results as follows: 



(1) Caustic Soda is practically worthless as an insecticide for San 

 Jose" Scale. 



(2) Whale Oil Soap gave very poor results, even when applied 

 at the strength of two pounds to a gallon of water. 



(3) A cheap grade of crude oil killed all the scales, but the trees 

 were materially injured, the extent of which cannot be learned until 

 a later date. 



(4) Kerosene and its variations gave very good results in some 

 instances, but very poor results in others. This is probably due 

 to the fact that it is hard to keep the oil from separating from the 

 water with which it is mixed. This same fact accounts for the 

 ojb A9iri 'snojoSuBp Smaq sjio asaq}. sopisajj -saaj^. eq^ o; Ajnfuj 

 almost too expensive to be used by the average fruit grower. 



(5) The Lime-sulphur-salt washes and variations have proven the 

 most efficient in holding the scale in check. The "self-boilecV 

 washes, where Caustic soda was used, destroyed about 10 per cent, 

 less scale, in every instance, than did the boiled Lime-sulphur 

 washes. 



This material has proven the statement made bv other experi- 

 mentors, that IT IS THE STANDARD APPLICATION, being the 

 most efficient, cheapest, most beneficial on the trees and BEST ALL 

 18 



