720 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



still somewhat startling. One of the statements was that over 40 

 per cent, of all dairy cattle in and about the city of Pittsburg were 

 tuberculous, and afterwards many persons seemed to know some- 

 thing about it though I had very much overdrawn the percentage of 

 tuberculous cattle but after investigation it was found I had not 

 quite told the whole truth. It seems to me with all the efforts that 

 have been put forth, and with all that has been said and done by 

 honest dairymen, at least in the city of Pittsburg, we are further 

 away from pure milk than we have ever been. I believe that the 

 milk that is sold in Pittsburg to day is further from the standard 

 than it has ever been before. We have a large number of places in 

 Pittsburg that I have denominated milk factories. Now, I suspect 

 that perhaps there is very little, if any, milk sold from those which 

 is fit to be used. It would require more time than I feel like oc- 

 cupying in giving the reasons for that conclusion, but I am certain 

 if that milk is tested that it will be found to be about what I de- 

 nominate "commercial milk," that is, just to evade the law and of 

 the greater part of it I believe would not pass the requirements of 

 the law. Two years ago while in New York and Newark, N. J., 

 I had an opportunity to study the subject of milk. The milk that is 

 produced in New York is very good, very much better than it is in 

 Pittsburg. Another place, not a city, although it is sometimes called 

 a city, I visited some years ago and at once took up the study of milk 

 there and the milk in that place, Asheville, N. C, was the best that 

 I have ever found anywhere. The milk produced on the Vander- 

 bilt farm was over and above anything I have ever found. I sus- 

 pect the milk in New York is better than that supplied the con- 

 sumer anywhere in the United States except Asheville. The milk 

 in Chicago is very good. And now, gentlemen, in my judgment, 

 there is only one way to bring that matter to what it should be, that 

 is by efficient laws, and their enforcement. I do not believe that 

 any amount of talk or any amount of moralizing that we can do will 

 ever bring the production of milk to what it should be. It seems 

 to me that there is such a large temptation to be dishonest. Now 

 not very long ago, I was lauding a friend who has a small dairy up 

 in Indiana county. I said I believed that he was an honest man. 

 I was thinking of him and recommended the products of his dairy 

 to a man who wished to buy milk. He said: "That is true. I want 

 to tell you I bought several cans of cream from him. I appreciate 

 all you say, but you have never studied that man carefully. Last 

 summer in the hot season I received from him a number of cans of 

 cream, and it kept well. Why, I kept that for two weeks. It was 

 perfectly sweet, and when I tried to churn it, it ran all over the place. 

 I dipped out until finally I gave it up, there was no butter in it. If 

 there was, I was not able to get it."' Now that man is an elder in 

 the Presbyterian church, and I had the impression that he was a per- 

 fectly honest, honorable man, and that was a backset, but that is 

 only one of a very large number. It is a difficult thing to find a man 

 who will not be tricky and play you false in the production of milk. 

 Now, I am sorry to say that, but it is true. I know what I am talk- 

 ing about and if anybody objects I can give the facts. 



Now the laws of this State are as nothing; we all know that we 

 have had a number of laws, but the laws that we have had have not 

 been enforced. The pure food laws of course are being inforced, 



