No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 721 



but it is a very easy matter to pay the fine and go on and poison 

 people. I heard the gentleman referring to sterilizing of all vessels, 

 and that point is well taken. As far as I know, the only means for 

 the preservation of milk beyond the time it will naturally keep be- 

 fore it sours is cold. Now. then, the scientific application of cold to 

 milk after it is drawn to relieve it of the animal heat and then keep 

 it at a proper temperature is the only proper means for the preserva- 

 tion of milk in order to produce it fit to be used by the human 

 being. 



MR. WELLS: I would like to say a word to emphasize the points 

 brought out in the papers, of the necessity of dairy inspection. By 

 dairy inspection, I mean inspection of the animals, the cows that pro- 

 duce the milk, and the premises, the stables, and surroundings and 

 also the methods of handling the milk. I am satisfied that we will 

 never arrive at any great degree of perfection until some means or 

 some laws are passed to effect this, personal inspection by a person 

 who is authorized to look to this matter. Pasteurization does a 

 great deal, but I look upon that simply as I do upon the water supply. 

 If we can get water that is pure from the fount of Heaven, it is much 

 preferable to putrid water that has been filtered and made fit for use. 

 I do not think we realize, many of us, the conditions that prevail. 

 It was brought to my attention very forcibly not very far from this 

 city. There was a contract made to supply butter for the United 

 States navy, and it was in part under the supervision of the Depart- 

 ment of Agriculture, and I was sent to the district to see what the 

 facilities were for producing this butter and the fulfillment of the 

 contract, which had already been made. I spent half a day, with a 

 team and a man driving around and looking at and visiting as many 

 of the various dairies as I could find. It was, I think, some time in 

 April. I did not find a dairy barn that any gentleman in this house 

 would say was fit to keep cows in. In that inspection I did not find 

 one that had a window in it or any proper means of ventilation. The 

 third barn I visited was a large building, one side was arranged for 

 stalls for the cows, occupying two-thirds of the space, and the other 

 third was a pig pen filled with hogs. In talking with the creamery 

 man about it he said they were in the habit of leaving a night's milk 

 setting on the barn floor where it got the fumes of this hog pen. 

 About noon we reached the Secretary's premises. I thought to 

 myself, ''Here we will find a barn as it should be." We took dinner 

 there and while the teams were being unhitched, I took the oppor- 

 tunity to go down into the stable. It was noon, and a bright day, 

 and when I got in it, I could not see ten feet from me. I suppose 

 there was one door about wide enough to let a cow in, but no win- 

 dow. It seemed surprising that such conditions prevail, but I know 

 from personal experience they exist in certain localities. We are do- 

 ing good work in many states in this line by personal inspection. 

 Even if there is no very severe penalties for unsanitary conditions, 

 yet the fact that they are to be inspected from time to time and the 

 reports go to the state has of itself a very beneficial effect. 



PROF. LANE: We cannot say too much of cleaning up. It has 

 been my hope the milk producer would have an opportunity to ex- 

 hibit his production just as well as butter and cheese producers. 

 46—6—1905 



