No. 6. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 723 



wrong, for the reason that they pooh-pooh the right, that they put 

 just as good a brand on dishonesty as they do on honesty, thus mak- 

 ing it really an incentive for a man to be a little crooked rather 

 than an inducement to do right. For instance, a conscientious dairy- 

 man tries to give you five per cent. milk, curries the cows every day 

 and tries to have everything clean, makes all sorts of sacrifices, 

 doesn't get a bit more encouragement than the fellow that has his 

 cows covered with dung from their heels to their ears, that never 

 washes himself, let alone his cans, and that get in close proximity 

 to the pump once in a while. The fellow that is taking in half 

 water and half milk and half cow dung and half something else, gets 

 just the same credit. I think it is the public that is crooked rather 

 than the dairyman. (Applause.) Gentlemen, I believe that the 

 hearts of the people are in the right place if they are given half a 

 show or the least encouragement to do right. The dairymen, along 

 with the rest of the world, will stand ready to do their part. 



WHAT DAIRYMEN ARE DOING. 



By PKOFESSOK II. E. VAN NORMAN, State College. 



Gentlemen of the Pennsylvania Dairy Union: In coming to this 

 State to take up this work, it was not because there was nothing to 

 do where I have been, but because I believed there was something 

 even larger to do here, and possibly greater facilities with which to 

 do them, and that in the doing I might have a part. I want to 

 call attention to some of the things as the}' are; then to make some 

 suggestions as to how they may be changed if you want them dif- 

 ferent. 



In the first place, I find that Pennsylvania ranks second as a dairy 

 state in the Union in the value of her products, in the volume of her 

 products both in butter and cheese; but she ranks fifth in the num- 

 ber of cows it takes to produce these products — a suggestion that 

 you are getting better results from the cows you are keeping than 

 some other states. I find that the average production of the cows 

 of this State is only 150 pounds of butter per cow. I do not know 

 yet what it costs to keep a cow in Pennsylvania, but I imagine that 

 it could not be very far from what it is in some of our other slates. 

 Therefore the statement of somewhere from $28 to $40 would take 

 care of the average cow of this State. When we talk about the 

 average, you gentlemen do not represent the average dairymen of 

 the Commonwealth. You represent the cream of the dairymen, the 

 men who know so well the difficulties of your work and that there 

 is something to be learned that you are willing to lay down your 

 tools and come and try to find out from your neighbors the better 

 way. The average dairymen have reached that state of develop- 

 ment. How many of you are willing to admit you are only get- 

 ting 150 pounds of butter per cow per year? 



