772 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



The best of our steam and gasoline engines make use of a very small 

 proportion of the total energy in the coal. You or I or our cows or 

 our horses use a far larger proportion of the energy which we or they 

 get in the form of food. Consider what a marvelous engine this is. 

 It is self-feeding, self-stoking, and self-oiling, self insulating and 

 self-reproducing. It is a very different engine from any that has 

 thus far been devised by man. 



Now, look at this matter from the standpoint of energy and th(* 

 standpoint of physics, in the long run, in my judgment, is to simplify 

 these problems. It is not at present. Although it is my duty and 

 pleasure both at the University to state these things and teach these 

 things, I haven't begun to accomplish the things and get a clear con- 

 ception viewed from the energy standpoint as I have from the chem- 

 ical standpoint, but I believe that as the work goes on we shall see 

 it in a clear light, and it will work out a simpler problem than has 

 been worked out from the chemical standpoint. 



Last May there came to my desk Bulletin 71 of the Pennsylvania 

 Station. I read it over with a great deal of interest and threw my 

 hands up and said, "Dr. Arms"by comes nearer being an iconoclast in 

 this matter of stock feeding than any man I have yet run across." 

 He simply tipped over, to a large extent, a great many of the notions 

 that we have hitherto been setting up. What was the general con- 

 tention that he laid down there? 1 want to read it directly: "That 

 the value of certain feed stuffs was decidedly lower than had been 

 computed according to the current methods of establishing the 

 amounts of digestible nutrients present." And I said, "Woe is me." 

 Here I and my associates have spent thousands of dollars in calculat- 

 ing these 1292 several experiments based on digestible nutrients. 



He said further: "Coarse fodder in particular we found to have 

 much lower values than the concentrated feeds, the relative values 

 of the former as compared with the latter being greatly overesti- 

 mated in the feed tables in common usage." 



A few years ago the world was startled by what Madam Curie and 

 her husband discovered with regard to radium and the radio-active 

 bodies. But what has come from her work and that in many lab- 

 oratories of the world is rapidly revolutionizing our ideas as to 

 matter. This class of work, the radio-active class of bodies, is chang- 

 ing our views. We don't know, to use the slang phrase, "Where we 

 are at." We are ultimately to come at a more sane and accurate 

 measure of things. That is just being done, in my judgment, when 

 we look at this matter from the standpoint of energy. To-day much 

 is in a "hallabaloo," not clear and not distinct, but we must unlearn 

 apparently very many things, and learn other things that are more 

 nearly correct. The man who never changes his mind (of course 

 women do often) as new light comes to him is one of the most un- 

 safe men to be the guide of other men. So I trust every man whose 

 function it is upon the institute platform, or any platform, to teach 

 this matter, or talk about this matter of stock feeding, will have an 

 open mind and a receptive attitude as to these newer things, though 

 they be at first uncertain. 



However, this does not mean that we are to throw carbo-hydrates 

 and protein into the Monongahela river. We are to still think of 

 them in this transition stage, and I think for myself I ghall use pro- 



