362 Missouri State Horticultural Society. 



small larvas. The worms commonly found in the apple at this 

 time have generally been supposed to be the larvae of the Codling 

 Moth (JJarimcapsa pomonella,) yet in the number examined only 

 four or five of the larvas of the latter were found. 



The remedies that have been successfully employed to prevent 

 the injury of the plum crop by these larvae are two, i. e., (1) that 

 of jarring the trees and catching the insects and affected fruit in a 

 sheet stretched on a frame or spread on the ground, and destroying 

 them, and (2) that of planting the trees in the limits of poultry 

 yards. The first remedy cannot be applied to the apple tree, on 

 account of its size. The second lias proved successful in saving 

 the plum crop, and would undoubtedly be as successful with the 

 apple, but the fowls should be numerous enough to not only catch 

 the insects when they come from the ground, but also to let none 

 of the larvae escape when they come from the fallen fruit to the 

 ground. Perhaps a more sure preventive would be, in addition to 

 the above, to have the fruit destroyed by pasturing swine in the 

 orchard in sufficient numbers to eat all the fruit as soon as it drops. 



The apple crop is also much injured by the larvfe of the cod- 

 ling moth, mentioned above, which has been common for a long 

 time, and the Apple Maggot {Trifeta poinonella), which has only 

 done serious damage within the past five years. The latter injures 

 the fruit by making burrows in the flesh, many larvfe or maggots 

 often working in the same apple. 



The eggs are laid by a small fly somewhat resembling the com- 

 mon house-fl}' — but not more than one-half its size — through a 

 small opening in the skin of the apple made with its ovipositor. It 

 shows es^oecial liking for the thin-skinned, mild, sub-acid or sweet 

 summer or autumn varieties, but also attacks some winter 

 varieties. 



Its ravages have become so extensive in some localities, that 

 prompt measures must be taken for its extermination, or it may 

 work the total destruction of the apple crop. 



The practice of pasturing swine in the summer is being recom- 

 mended, and practiced by many of our leading farmers and stock- 

 breeders, and the orchardist must combine to a certain extent this 

 branch of business with his own, if he would be successful ; for 

 the destruction of the fruit as it falls from the tree is the only safe 

 and sure remedy now known to prevent injury by these three 

 insects. — Prof. Maynard, in Bulletin of the Mass. Experiment 

 Station. * 



