Secretanfs Budget. 36? 



leaves were preserved intact and he had no further trouble from 

 that source. 



The last three substances — arsenic, petroleum and pyrethrum — 

 have come into use during recent years. These have now also come 

 to be so well known that it is perhaps scarcely necessary to particu- 

 larize as to their application. The arsenic — London purple, Paris 

 green, or other preparations — lias been more extensively used than 

 any other substance, and where it can be used safely it is undoubt- 

 edly the most valuable of all. The value of different preparations 

 of petroleum has also long been known, as no other substance is 

 more destructive to insects generally. But the great trouble has 

 been to use it with safety, because of the difficulty experienced in 

 mixing it with water or diluting it in some way. He exjjlained 

 how to make a permanent kerosene emulsion. Take two parts of 

 kerosene with one of sour milk, and churn the mixture together by 

 means of a force pump, which produces a butter-like substance 

 that is easily diluted to any degree with Avater. This, he continued, 

 he believed to be not only one of the most invaluable insecticides, 

 but the only one that will effectually destroy many of the worst 

 pests which afflict the fruit-grower. 



Mr. H. G. Hubbard, one of his assistants at Crescent City, 

 Fla., has found such to be the case with reference to the scale 

 insects which infest the orange. He also stated that a permanent 

 emulsion can be made by substituting soap for milk, or a certain 

 proportion of dissolved soft soap could be added to the kerosene 

 and milk. The value of this emulsion when applied by improved 

 spraying machinery is not yet appreciated as it will be when it 

 becomes better known. Eecent experiments show that it can be 

 used on almost all kinds of vegetation without injury to the plants. 



In reference to pyrethrum, he said that it 'is most satisfactory 

 when used for insects like th^ cabbage worm, and other trouble- 

 some pests of that nature. But its influence is of short duration 

 at best, and much dejaends upon getting a fresh and unadulterated 

 article. 



Ill regard to underground insects, nothing effectual has been 

 found so far, except bi-sulphide of carbon and napthaline. But he 

 had every reason to believe that the kerosene emulsion can be 

 successfully used here, and that it will j)rove to be one of the most 

 — if not the most — satisfactory means of destroying the dreaded 

 grape-vine phylloxera. In speaking of the various insecticides 

 before mentioned, he said that all six of the substances to be used 



