EXPERIMENT STATION BULLETINS 163 



side of each joint, and if care is taken that these openings are of about the same 

 size, the water will be very evenly distributed. When the plants are set in narrow 

 beds, a single line of tile along the center will suffice, but the best results will be 

 secured if the water is not required to spread more than six or eight feet each way, 

 although upon some soil a much wider distribution can be obtained. Several lines 

 of tile may be connected so that they can all be filled from one point, but ordinarily 

 the best results will be secured if the lines are independent, and each is fflled from 

 the highest point. A very small stream of water through a garden hose will supply 

 a line one to two hundred feet in length, and after having adjusted the flow, it will 

 require no attention until the ground has been thoroughly wet down. As the water 

 will be applied beneath the surface there will be mucli less loss from evaporation, 

 than when furrows are used and consequently it will be more economical of 

 water, and will permit the covering of a considerable area through a small supply 

 pipe with but little attention. Under the same conditions the use of furrows would 

 not give nearly as even distribution and would require constant attention. 



CLEANING OUT THE OLD BEDS. 



As a rule when the beds have been well cared for and are free from grass and 

 weeds, it will be advisable to keep them for a second crop. Especially if the 

 plants have been attacked by insects or fungi, good results will be obtained from 

 burning over the beds.- To do this it will be necessary to have a supply of dry 

 material, but the mulch will generally provide a sufficient amount. In order that 

 the old strawberry leaves may be burned, a mowing machine should be run over 

 the beds a day or two before the burning is to be done, and if there is a large 

 amount of mulch that has become packed closely together, it should be loosened 

 with a hay tedder or fork, as otherwise it will burn so slowly that there will be 

 danger of its injuring the crowns of the plants, and if the amount is very large a 

 part of it should be removed. The amount that is required is the least that will 

 suffice to induce the fire to run over the entire bed. While a high wind will not be 

 necessary, or desirable, the burning should be done when there is at least a gentle 

 breeze that will carry the flames over the bed. Upon a still day there is danger 

 that it will burn so slowly as to injure the plants. 



In cleaning out the weeds and surplus plants, the use of a plow will be advisable, 

 if the space permits. Furrows sliould be run upon each side of the rows, throwing 

 the soil away from the plants so as to leave strips four or five inches wide. By 

 means of a hoe the plants should be cut away so as to leave one of the young plants 

 for each foot of the row; grass and weeds should at the same time be cut out. If 

 the land is not fertilized decomposed manure or commercial fertilizers may be 

 scattered along the rows and the furrows worked down with a cultivator. 



For the rest of the season, the care should be the s^me as for a young plantation, 

 and by winter young plants will have formed so that it will have much the same 

 appearance as a bed set in the spring. While some growers allow the beds to fruit 

 for a third year, the results will as a rule, not be as satisfactory, as will be obtained 

 from young plantations. On the other hand some varieties like Gandy do not got 

 fairly established the first season, and the second and third crops will be larger 

 than the first. 



INSECTS AND DISEASES. 



Ordinarily the strawberry is comparatively free from the attack of insects, and 

 little attention need be given to them. When the plants are set upon recently 

 plowed sod land, there is danger from white grubs and cut worms, but if, as is 

 commonly practiced, strawberries are not placed upon land that has had sod upon 

 it within less than two years, there will be little loss from this source. 



Where cut worms are troublesome, they can generally be destroyed, if after 

 fitting the land for the strawberries, freshly cut clover that has been soaked or 

 sprayed with Paris green, or arsenic water is scattered in small bunches at 

 intervals of six or eight feet each way. 



For two or three years injury has been reported from the work of the straw- 

 berry leaf-roller in various parts of the State. The larvae of these insects draw the 

 leaves about them and feed upon the foliage, causing it to turn brown and become 

 dry. Late in June they enter the pupa state, t'rora which they emerge as motlis 

 in about ten days and deposit eggs for a second brood. The second brood of the 



