218 STATE BOARD OP AGRICULTURE 



APPLES. 



As a collection for family use, tlie following varieties are suggested: Yellow 

 Transparent, Bough (Sweet), Oldenburg (Duchess), Primate, Gravenstein. Chen- 

 ango, Maiden Blush, Shiawassee, Wealthy, Bailey (Sweet), Jonathan, Wagener, 

 Hubbardstou, Grimes, Baldwin, R. I. Greening, Red Canada, Northern Spy, Tal- 

 man and Golden Russet. Among other kinds that generally do well, and in certain 

 sections are of even more value than some in the above list, are Red Asti-achan, 

 Tetofski, Early Strawtrerry, Colvert, Porter, Fall Pippin, Oakland, Peck (Pleasant), 

 King and Stark. 



As market varieties nearly all of the kinds given in the first list will be desirable 

 In their seaison, but as there is only a small demand for the summer and early fall 

 varieties, comparatively few should be plqnted, except where the large cities can 

 be readily reached and then such kinds as Yellow Transparent, Oldenburg and Shia- 

 wassee will generally be found profitable. In some sections Twenty Ounce does 

 remarkably well, and for such locations it will be found a desirable market sort. 



Of the other varieties mentioned, Jonathan is one of the most desirable, but it 

 requires good care to bring the fruit to its full size. Baldwin should also be ex- 

 tensively planted in elevated sections and on well-drained soil. The trees are some- 

 times winter-killed upon low, wet land. Northern Spy, Hubbardston, Gi"imes 

 and Red Canada are also valuable market soi^ts. Red Canada is a weak tree, but 

 when top-worked upon some strong variety, is usually productive. Northern Spy 

 has the serious fault of being a long time in reaching a bearing age, but the trees 

 are hardy and long-lived, and the size and quality of the fruit render it especially 

 valuable. In some states Ben Davis fruit is of a large size and fair quality, and 

 as the trees are 'hardy and quite pi'oductive, it is a leading market sort. As grown 

 in most parts of Miichigan, however, it is somewhat smaller and of comparatively 

 inferior quality, but many persons have found it among the most profitable sorts. 

 Wagener is an early bearing, very productive variety, and unless the trees have 

 excellent care, and are thinned while young, they soon become exhausted and die. 

 With proper care it is one of the most valuable kinds for either home use or market 

 purposes for the northern half of the State. 



Of the other hardy kinds. Yellow Transparent, Tetofski, Shiawassee, Graven- 

 stein, Wealthy, St. Lawrence, Pewaukee, Stark and Wolf River have been most 

 thoroughly tested, and all of them have much merit for sections where ordinary 

 varieties would fail. When the Russian varieties were introduced, it was hoped 

 they would prove particularly valuable for the northern half of the State, but most 

 of them ripen during the summer, or early fall, and they seem especially subject 

 to the attack of twig blight, which renders many of them utterly unfitted for the 

 colder portions of Michigan. Antonovka, Bietigheimer, Borovinka, Hibernal, Long- 

 field, Switzer, Titovka, Thaler, Cross and Gypsy Girl have given best satisfaction. 



PEARS. 



For the home orchard the following varieties can be used, the number of the 

 earlier kinds being comparatively small, while those ripening dviring the early fall 

 will generally be most desirable, as they will be largely used for canning purposes. 

 Of the early varieties Summer Doyenne, Osband, Bloodgood and Elizabeth (Man- 

 ning) will generally prove satisfactory. For fall, use Clapp, Sterling, Boussock, 

 Bartlett, Flemish (Beauty), Howell, Bosc, Mt. Vernon, Seckel, and Sheldon; among 

 the desirable winter kind-s are Anjou, Clairgeau, Lawrence, Dana Hovey, Winter 

 Nelis and Easter (Beurre). These varieties succeed well as standards, but some of 

 them, such as Anjou, Seckel, Bartlett and Howell, may be grown as dwarfs. 

 Angouleme (Duchess) and Louise Bonne are also valuable sorts and should always 

 be grown upon quince stocks. Of the kinds best adapted for market pui-poses, 

 Bartlett should be placed well at the head, as it is generally a productive variety. 

 Howell, Anjou, Lawrence and Angouleme are also valuable varieties for the market 

 orchard. Although quite subject to blight and rotting at the core, Clapp is found 

 ■desirable in some sections, while in others Flemish succeeds well, but not without 

 thorough spraying, as it is usually much injured by leaf blight and scab. 



For the southern half of the State, Keiffer is a productive variety, and when 

 the fruit is properly thinned and ripened in the house, it is a fair variety for can- 

 ning purposes. While its firm and coarse flesh is objectionable in one way, it 

 renders it especially valuable for shipping. In some sections Seckel can be grown 

 to a fairly large size by thorough cultivation and proper thinning, and as the fruit 



