318 STATE BOARD OF AGRICULTURE 



complexity ami the marvelous ingenuity displayed in the machine itself 

 is a peri)etual challenjie to the operator to comprehend its construction 

 and to imj)r()ve its accuracy or its out])ut. In j)lace of a more or less 

 degrading; jdiysical toil we now have for these workers a most whole- 

 some combination of physical and mental exercise which is peculiarly 

 conducive to mental self improvement both in the workshops and also 

 when the day's labor is over. The shop conditions were in fact never 

 so favorable to mental effort out of hours as they are today, and the 

 industrial worker was never before so well provided with self-helps. 



SCIKXTIFIC EDUCATION TIIi: BASIS OF MATKKIAL I'llOSrEKIXy. 



But you ask how has this wonderful industrial revolution been 

 wrought? How comes it that the nineteenth century marks a far 

 greater industrial progress than all the untold previous centuries com- 

 bined? By what newly discovered species of magic has the world 

 been so tranformed that our revolutionary fathers would not recognize 

 the planet if they were allowed to revisit it, but would insist they had 

 been transported to some other celestial sphere? There can be but 

 one answer to these questions. The industrial revolution is but one of 

 the many fruits of the scientific progress of the century. The sciences 

 here involved, also, are those relating to inanimate matter. Mathe- 

 matics, physics, chemistry, mechanics, geology, mineralogy, metallurgy, 

 these in their multitudinous ramifications have, in their applications 

 to the arts, transformed the world. While chance or accident, or a 

 blind empiricism has often led to important discoveries and inventions, 

 the successful development of industries based on these is always a 

 matter of the scientific application of means to ends. As a rule, how- 

 ever, the scientific laws and principles have resulted from long and 

 patient scientific research, on the part of our pure scientists, and the 

 utilization of these industrially has been gradually developed by a 

 class of men whose peculiar business it is to bring the materials and 

 forces of nature into the service of man. These men are known as 

 civil, mechanical, electrical, mining and chemical engineers. The dis- 

 coveries of our pure scientists, followed up by the inventions of me- 

 chanics and engineers have together wrought these wonderful marvels. 

 And as the prevalence of science teaching has brought a progress of 

 science which is ever at a swifter pace, so the now widespread tech- 

 nical instruction in this country is bringing our industrial progress 

 along by leaps and bounds. But the greatest economy of production 

 in any line is only attainable by the most scientific methods. The pre- 

 vention of wastes, the utilization of by-products, the saving of labor, 

 the increase of the output, the jjerfection of workmanship, the purity 

 of the product, all these are scientific and engineering questions which 

 find their most successful solution in that country in which are to be 

 found the greatest number of pure and applied scientists. Scientific 

 and technical education is today the foundation of all material pros- 

 perity. 



THE APPLIED SCIENTIST. 



And now^ a word as to the type of man who is our main reliance in 

 this industrial evolution. It is not so much the pure as it is the applied 

 scientist. The discoveries of the pure scientist are common property 



