184 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



bang the cow over the head or hip with the milking-stool. If he 

 does, he hasn't got good sense. 



I want to speak of the muscles a little. You will notice the inter- 

 lacing of these muscles. They act as supports and assist, in the 

 operation of all these levers that I spoke of, two hundred and fifty- 

 six in number and they are all bound up here. 



Now I want to go a little further on to the digestive tract, and 

 here we have the lungs in their natural condition, and they are 

 colored as near to nature as possible in their healthy condition. 

 However, a great many changes v\ull take place in different diseases. 



I want to refer to the lungs. Here is a part that some people 

 have an idea must be affected in order to have tuberculosis. An 

 animal may die with tuberculosis, and the lungs scarcely be affected, 

 simply because some other organ may be affected instead of the 

 lungs. Pulmonary tuberculosis means an affection of the lungs, 

 but there are cases where the lungs are not affected, and still tuber- 

 culosis be very apparent. 



We cut up the lungs and see in there the bronchial tubes; all 

 these little branches are the bronchial tubes through which the 

 air passes, and is passed from the animals in the respirations from 

 the lungs. Here we have the heart Ij'ing right between the lungs 

 in this position. We will cut that heart open and notice its struc- 

 ture. Could you make one of those pieces of machinery? If you 

 did, it would not work. That heart is the seat of the whole thing. 

 Of course all of these have got to work in unison, or else they are no 

 good. If this heart wears out, j'ou can't throw it away and get a 

 new one. You have got to keep it in repair, consequently more 

 care is required to do it than with any machine that has ever been 

 built. 



Here you will observe the kidneys in position, showing as nearly 

 as may be their natural color. We will cut this kidney open and 

 see the inside structure of the kidneys. Here we have a repre'sen- 

 tation of the first stomach; the cow is provided with four stomachs. 

 This is called the first or paunch. The horse is provided with only 

 one — I will show you that a little later. Here we have the spleen, 

 and while I am speaking of the spleen, I want to speak of one dis- 

 ease which is a very deadly disease among stock, and one also very 

 deadly to people — anthrax. You probably know what it is, one 

 of the worst diseases that ever was known. In anthrax this spleen 

 will be enlarged from three to four times its natural size. If you 

 were to take this spleen off in the case of anthrax, and if you were 

 to cut into this, it would present a jelly-like, black, tarry appearance. 

 No other disease that we know of can produce that appearance. 

 Then again in anthrax you will find little red spots perhaps on the 

 paunch, perhaps on the intestines. Just underneath the skin, you 

 will find little spots of blood. In blackleg, which occurs in young 

 animals, you always have bloating, very extensive, in anthrax never. 

 Now we will just lay this paunch as we call it open and see what is 

 inside. (Exhibiting and describing inside of paunch.) 



Here we have the small intestines. In the cow we have 150 feet 

 of digestive tracts which is twice the length that is in the horse — 

 seventy in the horse, a hundred and fifty in the cow. The horse 

 has one stomach, the cow four, as I have said. Here we have the 

 second, third and fourth stomachs. Here we have the true diges- 



