188 ANNUAL REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



press the artery upon the bone, you can feel the pulse, but this is 

 the most convenient place, right up there against this jaw bone. 

 .1 would recommend you to practice that in health as well as dis- 

 ease; learn what is a quick pulse, a hard pulse, or a slow pulse — 

 learn the variations from the normal, 



• Now you will notice that in the muscular sj^stem the muscles 

 are a little bit more marked, that they are a little more spread 

 out than they are in the cow; that is to say, they are not blended to- 

 gether quite so closely. Now I want you to look for a minute at 

 this limb. Then you will notice another one that goes from here 

 and runs down through here and passes on front here. They are 

 all put in there for a purpose. No machine that was ever built 

 could have all these levers working in such perfect harmony as in 

 an animal of this kind. Then you look down here to the binding 

 ligaments, and you will find another that works always in unison. 

 There is no side-pulling of any of those muscles in health. When 

 you come to study these all over, it isn't anything strange that a 

 horse gets lame; it is more wonderful that they are not lame all the 

 time, the way the}- are used sometimes. 



Now we will go on with the digestive organs. Here we have the 

 lungs, which you will notice are not as large as they are in the cow 

 in proportion. There is a disease known as heaves. Now what I 

 would do in a case of heaves, or what the cure is for heaves, I am 

 often asked? When you read an advertisement promising to cure 

 heaves, or a man tells you that he has a medicine that will cure 

 the disease, you want to be on your guard, because I am here to 

 say to you that no man on earth can cure heaves except by putting 

 in a new set of lungs, which I do not want to undertake. Now 

 what causes heaves? You notice these little black lines running 

 along in here; they represent the different air cells of which the 

 lungs are made up. In heaves there has been a rupture of these 

 air cells. T'^o or three have been made into one. That is what 

 causes the noise you hear. It is a rupture of the air cells and noth- 

 ing else, 



A Member: Mr. Chairman, I would like to inquire of the Doctor 

 what causes heaves, 



DR, TOWER: Heaves are caused sometimes from feeding too 

 much coarse, dry feed. It may be brought on when a horse has been, 

 perhaps, lately fed, and then is started off on a fast run, so that the 

 air is forced so violently through the lungs that the walls of the cells 

 are not able to withstand the pressure and they burst through. Of 

 course dry, dusty feed may cause the same effect. 



You will notice in here that the bronchial tubes are a little 

 heavier than those of the cow; then again you see that the shape 

 of the heart is a little bit different. You will notice the position 

 of the heart; it lies right behind the front shoulder. I had a man 

 the other day say, "Just look at that horse's heart beat," when the 

 horse had the thumps, and the beating was located back here (in- 

 dicating). Now you know that thumps may be described as spasm 

 of the diaphram, the heart has nothing whatever to do with what 

 we call thumps. If you want to test that, put your ear to the 

 heart and put your hand on the spot where the thumping is going 

 piij and you will find that the heqrt beats with one motion and the 



