No. 7. DErARTMBNT OP AGRICULTURE. 189 



thumps with another, showing very conclusively that the heart 

 has nothing to do with it. 



Here we have the stomach of the horse (pointing to same on 

 model) which you see is very much different from what it is in the 

 cow. It may be described as a large storehouse which contains all 

 the feed which is there manufactured into the various substances 

 which the horse requires to support his life and strength as a beast 

 of burden. 



MR. FENSTERMAKER: Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask the 

 Doctor what is the cause of thumps. 



DR. TOWER: Well, if you will tell me what is the cause of hic- 

 coughs in a man, I will tell you what is the cause of thumps in 

 a horse. It may come from different sources. It may come from 

 a tired condition, from a condition in which the nerves have been 

 irritated so that they jump irregularly; any little irritation, whether 

 it is from over-exertion, or from over-thirst or over-driving, any 

 such thing is often the cause. 



MR. SEEDS: Mr. Chairman, I would like to inquire of the Doctor 

 what he would recommend as feed in cases of heaves. 



DR. TOWER: I would recommend in heaves that you restrict the 

 dry feed; don't give the horse dry or dusty feed. Moisten the hay 

 and don't give them too much of it. You will find that moist feed 

 will be quite a help, then in addition to this, as a medical aid, I 

 would give perhaps x>owdered licorice root, about a teaspoonful of 

 that on the tongue. I would prefer it on the tongue because it then 

 goes into the throat and into the bronchial tubes. Again, the oil 

 of tar is recommended. 



MR. SEEDS: Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask the Doctor 

 whether in such cases neatsfoot oil would be helpful. 



DR. TOWER: Yes, in small quantities. 



A Member: Is it not a fact that there is less of that trouble now 

 than there was in former times. 



DR. TOWER: I think so. 



MR. SEEDS: Mr. Chairman, I would like to make another in- 

 quiry of the Doctor. We had a veterinary down to our place look- 

 ing at a horse iu a case where the horse declined to eat, and they 

 didn't understand why, and he showed me where the inside of the 

 horse's mouth was all cut and bloody, which was caused by a sharp 

 tooth, a ragged edged tooth. 



DR. TOWER: The teeth of a horse are the great instrumentali- 

 ties which prepare the food for digestion and mix it with the saliva. 

 Such a condition as you describe is quite common and it has not 

 got to be an old horse either; sometimes the teeth on the outside of 

 the upper jaw become elongated and very sharp. The upper jaw is 

 somewhat wider than the lower jaw and those teeth will become 

 sharp which will sometimes result in the sides of the cheeks be- 

 coming lacerated. Now if there is a rubbing of the cheek on a 



