202 ANNUAL REPORT O-P THE? Off. Doc. 



ting. The bark splits clear to the ground on the trees, splits al- 

 most straight down in April. 



DR. FUNK: You find it just with certain varieties, do you not? 

 The Hubbardston and Nonesuch will d< it to a limited extent. We 

 find it in certain trees that are not adapted to certain localities. In 

 the selection of varieties they must be chosen with regard to the 

 particular locality. 



QUESTION: Will Stayman's Winesap do as well, and be of as 

 high quality in southwestern Pennsylvania, on a soil of a sandy 

 clay formation, as in your own locality? Do you know of the 

 Banana apple being fruited in southern Pennsylvania? If so, what 

 is your opinion of it? 



DR. FUNK: Stayman's Winesap, you must understand origi- 

 nated in Kansas. It is an api>le peculiarly adapted to the north; 

 no matter how far north it has been tried, it has been a success. 

 We have certain kinds of fruits which are adapted to all soils and 

 climates, and we should not hesitate to recommend Stayman's 

 Winesai) to any man in any locality' where apples will grow. It 

 is hearty, a heavy bearer, and of the highest quality, and if you will 

 fertilize well, getting i>lenty of phosphoric acid in your soil, you 

 will get the color. 



I know nothing of the Banana apple being raised in Pennsylvania. 

 In York state it is raised and considered a very good apple. 



MR. MORRIS P. HALLO WELL: When is the best time to prune 

 an apple orchard? Does it hurt to prune after sap starts? What 

 will it cost to spray 10-year old trees? 



DR. FUNK: You can prune the apple orchard at anytime dur- 

 ing the year. If you are pruning for wood growth, you can com- 

 mence in the fall and prune anytime during the winter and up to 

 laiite spring. If you are pruning for fruit, it is best to prune in 

 June. You understand that a fruit bud and a leaf bud are to a cer- 

 tain extent interchangeable; you can convert a fruit bud into a leaf 

 bud and can convert a leaf bud into a fruit bud just by your method 

 of pruning. 



A Member : You can change a leaf bud into a fruit bud if you take 

 it early in the spring. 



DR. FUNK: Certainly you can. You may have a leaf bud de- 

 veloping and if you stimulate that soil by giving it a good nitro- 

 genous fertilizer, and you cut that limb off immediately above the 

 leaf bud and you develop a fruit bud from that. On the other hand 

 if you have a leaf bud and your tree is not coming into fruiting, if 

 you will tie a band around there, you will convert that into a fruit 

 bud. You can control a tree just as you want it by pruning and by 

 attending to it properly at the right time. 



MR. T. L. WALL: Is it possible to treat San Jos6 Scale at this 

 time or in June, if so, how? 



DR. FUNK: Certainly it is; but the best time to treat it is while 

 the tree is dormant, and lime, sulphur and salt is the best remedy. 



