326 ANNUAL REPORT OF T;HE Off. T>oc. 



cheapest source of protein. The chemist has no small part to play 

 in the marketing of many bi-products which but a few years ago 

 were not only a drug on the market, but many of them had no value 

 at all. By the methods now in vogue, there are few bi-products 

 which cannot be utilized to feed either the animal or the soil. 



FEED VALUES. 



The chemist has not only determined what elements are needed 

 by the plant or animal for its best development, but he is trying 

 to determine in what form and quantity they should be introduced 

 to produce the best results. Much valuable food is wasted by im- 

 proper use. Feeding standards have been made out for different 

 animals, and by following these more or less closely, the farmer can 

 get the highest value out of the materials at his command. 



Not content with things as he finds them, the chemist has enabled 

 the producer to improve his product. By the invention of the Bab- 

 cock Milk Tester, the chemist at the Wisconsin Experiment Station 

 has placed in the hands of every farmer, a means of testing the value 

 of his cows. By proper selection and breeding it is possible to 

 greatly improve a herd of cattle, and send the ^'boarders" to the 

 butcher's block. 



By analyzing the different parts of a grain of corn and noting its 

 physical appearance, the chemist has enabled the grower in the 

 great corn belt, to produce kinds of corn which differ widely in their 

 chemical contents. One kind is used for growing cattle, another 

 for starch or other purposes. Wheat has also been differentiated, 

 and the raising of macaroni wheat has become a distinct business 

 in some localities. 



Secondly, the chemist does not only introduce the farmer to his 

 best friends, the fertilizers and feeds, which help him produce the 

 largest crops and best herds, but he also has tried to protect him 

 from his enemies. Of these enemies there is first himself, often 

 the farmer's greatest enemy is his own wastefulness. He does not 

 know how to care for the manure produced on the farm and the 

 chemist has shown him that almost a hundred million dollars' worth 

 of fertility every year goes down the Mississippi River, and even 

 this is only a fraction of what is annually lost in the whole country 

 by the improper care of manure. Again, in the treatment of his 

 stock, sometimes he over-feeds, and again he uuder-feeds. 



PROTECTION AFFORDED BY CHEMISTRY. 



Chemistry protects the farmer from those who would impose upon 

 Mm. Scarcely had the farmer begun to use fertilizers until all 

 kinds of materials were sold to him as high grade goods. Before 

 the days of the public chemist, carloads of pulverized sand were 

 sold to unsophisticated farmers of Pennsylvania as deodorized 

 Peruvian guano, but since the chemJst began his work, all this has 

 been changed. Now every progressive country in the world employs 

 a number of chemists who devote their time to analyzing fertilizers 

 and seeing that they agree with the formulae marked on the con- 

 tainer. 



Another gigantic fraud is the sale of artificial butter under the 

 name of cow butter. While it is perfectly proper to sell oleo under 



