No. 7. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE. 353 



may destroy all his fruit. There is where I consider the soluble oils 

 will come in. We will then know exactly what we are doing. When 

 mixed with fourteen or twenty gallons of water, you have a prepara- 

 tion that will not injure the tree as much as a pure oil will. If I were 

 going to use a pure oil, I would use kerosene, instead of crude oil, 

 because it will not lea\ e a varnish. 



MR. WELD: I want to ask Dr. Funk whether this year has been 

 peculiar in the development of the Oyster Shell Scale? It has been 

 present in my orchard, and some of my friends', and I think it is 

 thicker than I have ever seen it before, and we must, in our county, 

 report the death of some trees from it. I don't think we are infected, 

 because we were examined early in June, and no scale reported. 

 Now, is it peculiar to this winter, and what had we better do with it? 

 Is there any danger of it increasing, and destroying the orchards 

 further? 



DR. FUNK: The Oyster Shell Scale is one of the three scales that 

 infest our orchards here — the San Jos6 Scale, the Oyster Shell Scale, 

 and the Scurfy Scale. But where the trees are thoroughly and com- 

 pletely sprayed with lime, sulphur and salt, it will destroy the San 

 Jos^ Scale, the Oyster Shell Scale, and the Scurfy Scale, and we have 

 also found that it will destroy the Tent Caterpillar. It used to be 

 considered impossible to destroy the nest of the Green Aphis, but 

 we find that if we use the lime, sulphur and salt, we will destroy all 

 of them. 



MR. WELD : There is danger, then, of that Scale increasing, and 

 giving us very serious trouble? 



DR. FUNK: It certainly will destroy the trees. 



MR. SNAVELY: Which increases the quicker, the San Jos6 Scale 

 or the Scurfy Scale? 



DR. FUNK: Where we have four or five progenies of the San Jos^ 

 Scale, we have here but one; v/hen we come down to latitude 38 

 degrees, we have two, but here we have only one. 



MR. WELD: How many broods hag the Oyster Shell? 



DR. FUNK: Only one on an average, but in long seasons, you may 

 have two. 



MR. RODGERS: What time of the year do you put on the lime, 

 sulphur and salt, and what time the oils? 



DR. FUNK: I would prefer using the oils just as late as I could; 

 just before the blossoms swell; there is more resistant power at that 

 time. As I say, I am a little scary on the oil question, but some trees 

 are more resistant than others. Take the Ben Davis, and the York 

 Imperial; they are botii infected. You examine the Ben Davis, and 

 you will find it infected down to the red, while the other will hardly 

 be touched. Why the San Jos^ Scale discriminates thus, I leave id 

 vou. 



23—7—1906. 



