No. 7. DEFARTAiENT OF AGRICULTITRE. 503 



HOKTICULTIIRE AND FOKESTKY IN PENNSYLVANIA 



By DR. THOMAS F. HUNT. Director Pennsylvania Experiment Station and Dean of School of 



Agriculture, Pennsylvania State College. 



Naturally, when I was invited to come to Pennsylvania as the 

 Dean of your School of Agriculture and as Director of your Agri- 

 cultural Experiment Station, I asked myself what are the large 

 problems. The general problem is to create wealth and improve 

 citizenship thiough the agency of these two institutions. How v,^as 

 it to be done? What are the wealth-producing factors with which 

 I must deal? 



Pennsylvania, in common with the other North Atlantic States, 

 is expecially adapted to the growing of trees and grass. Pennsyl- 

 vania and New York together produced in 1905 one-sixth of all the 

 hay raised in the United States. The cultivated area in Pennsyl- 

 vania devoted to all crops of all kinds except grass is less than 

 one-fifth of the total area. About one-fourth the area in farms is 

 in cultivat(^d crops, other than hay, about one-fourth in hay; the 

 rest must be in pasture or timber or be absolutely waste land. 

 Much of the lumber area is probably under present management 

 even prospectively unproductive, notwithstanding the fact that 

 both the consumption and the price of lumber are increasing at the 

 rate of 3 per cent, a year. Pennsylvania produces 1.5 tons of hay for 

 each animal of 1,000 pounds; Illinois produces three-fourths of a 

 ton of hay for each animal. Illinois produces 4,800 pounds of con- 

 centrates to feed with this three-fourths of a ton of roughage, while 

 Pennsylvania produces 1,600 pounds of concentrates to feed with 1.5 

 tons of roughage. 



Trees not only create forestry, they also create horticulture. The 

 reason that Pennsylvania and New York are the two largest horti- 

 cultural states, citrus fruits excluded, is because they are tree states. 

 Only those who have studied the tree growth in the states, west- 

 ward of Pennsylvania to the Rocky Mountains, can realize the differ- 

 ence in the vigor of all tree growth. In Illinois, Ben Davis apples 

 come into bearing at five j-ears of age. When I went to New York, 

 I was told that Baldwin apples came into bearing at fifteen years 

 of age and I asked how long the trees lasted. They said they did 

 not know, that they had not been raising them loJig enough to find 

 out, but that they had trees 100 years old in full bearing. 



The fundamental proposition I lay down for Pennsylvania agri- 

 culture, (using the word 'agriculture' in its broadest sense), is that 

 the vState is especially adapted to the raising of trees and grass, 

 and that all agricultural industries based upon trees and grass will 

 flourish and should be developed. Next week I expect to say some- 

 thing before the State Breeders' Association about the develop- 

 ment of the industries which are based upon grass. To-day I confine 

 myself to the development of the industries based upon trees. 



