548 ANNUAL. REPORT OF THE Off. Doc. 



to cover them entirely the same as other proposed remedies. The 

 principal here is that each grain of lime was coated with a film of oil 

 and thus the lime was heavy enough to hold the keros<'ne down in 

 the water and made it appear like a kind of an emulsion but the 

 difficulty was that the same law of capillary attraction which made 

 the film of oil and encircled the grain or speck of lime prevented it 

 from spreading fully over the portion of the branch or twig it 

 touched because it would not all leave the lime particle; some en- 

 circling this while a portion of the oil spread to the tree but did not 

 give full effect. 



My views today of the San Jos^ Scale and the best remedies of it 

 are pretty well expressed in my bulletins and yet I feel like going 

 to every source possible to obtain accurate imformation that will be 

 helpful to myself or the farmers of this State in this regard, conse- 

 quently I read from a bulletin by the State Board of Entomology of 

 Georgia and prepared by Prof. K. I, Smith, the State Etomologist of 

 that state, 



I must say that I fully endorse the summary here given by Prof. 

 Smith, in practically every point. He says: ''Badly infested orchards 

 should be sprayed twice; once in fall and again the following spring." 

 I think that is very important. "Orchards which cannot be sprayed 

 twice should be given one thorough spring spraying. Large 

 orchards will have to be partly sprayed in fall or winter." 



This is because it is impossible to get entirely over such orchards 

 during the spring time alone. The reason also for this is that the 

 best possible time of the year to spray is just before the buds burst. 

 If the lime-sulphur wash be put on thin the leaves will soon appear 

 and cover and protect it and I have seen it remain on the branches 

 in December. I wish to pause, in my reading here, to say, that many 

 people ask me if I cannot spray only the trees that are infested and 

 let those go upon which no San Jos(5 Scale is seen. I must say that 

 this method should be avoided and if there be orily one infested tree 

 in the orchard all others should be sprayed as a m(^ans of precaution 

 because it is possible for the scale to spread from this tree to an- 

 others perhaps a quarter of a mile away. It usually spreads to the 

 adjacent trees gradually but quickly. 



"In such cases spray the least infested portion in fall or winter, 

 and the worst infested portions of the orchard in spring. Or better 

 yet, spray the worst infested portion both fall and spring. Con- 

 venient, serviceable boiling arrangement must be provided for boil- 

 ing lime sulphur wash." 



I find one of the most convenient as well as cheapest methods of 

 boiling this wash is to build a sheet iron vat shaped just like the 

 lid of a paste board shoe box with the edges turned up at the sides 

 and ends. Building this up with boards at the sides and ends, nail- 

 ing the sheet iron to these boards and make it all tight enough to 

 hold water. It is the cheapest thing you can get for boiling the 

 wash quickly and easily and v^^ill last a long time. Such a vat or 

 box can be placed over two stone walls for support making thus a 

 kind of furnace into which rough or old wood can be pitched to keep 

 up the boiling. If you have an engine that will furnish live steam 

 and wish to boil by this method it will be perhaps the cheapest and 

 best v/ay of boiling the lime-sulphur wash. Conduct the end of the 

 steam pipe to the bottom of the barrel, tank or vat and put into it 



